Monitoring atomic level electronic changes in the alloying of stainless steels with Auger and photoelectron spectroscopy

Moslemzadeh, N.; Beamson, G.; Diplas, Spyros; Tsakiropoulos, P.; Watts, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.10.008

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Details on sample preparation prior to the XPS analysis are described in a previous paper. [4] Metallographic examination confirmed that the microstructures of steels 1 and 2 were mostly austenitic (with carbides being present at less than 5%). The microstructure of steel 3 contained 15-20% ferrite, while that of steel 4 was almost entirely martensitic with a very small amount of retained austenite.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Four types of industrially produced stainless steels with fully austenitic, partially ferritic and supermartensitic microstructures [4] were analyzed on a Scienta ESCA300 instrument fitted with monochoromated Al Kα 1 and Cu Kα 1 sources [5,6] using Al Kα 1 radiation. The entrance slit width to the hemispherical analyzer was 0.8 mm and the pass energy was 150 eV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] However, due to inherent difficulties, predictions based on thermodynamic and ab initio modeling require experimental corroboration provided by electron spectroscopy or other experimental tools which provide information on alloying effects in terms of interatomic interactions at the electronic level. In a previous study [4] we reported, for the first time, local charge variation phenomena taking place at the atomic level, upon alloying, for a set of industrial stainless steels considering only the major alloying elements Cr, Fe and Ni. Changes in the local density of states resulting from the screening of the initial core hole have been monitored with high-energy Cu Kα 1 X-ray induced Auger and photoelectron spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An XPS study of the interatomic charge distribution in stainless steels

Diplas

Moslemzadeh

Watts

et al. 2010

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The secondary spectral feature of the Al Kα-excited Ni 2p spectrum, positioned at a kinetic energy of approximately 6 eV lower than the main Ni 2p peak, is known as either the 2p satellite (in the case of inorganic materials) or a plasmon loss peak (in the case of metals). This feature was used to probe changes in the local electronic structure of Ni in stainless steels. The results were compared with a previous study on Auger parameter and core-core-valence (CCV) Auger lines acquired using Cu Kα radiation. The position of the secondary peak shifts to higher binding energy as the number of Fe atoms around Ni increases and this is consistent with the idea of charge transfer from Fe to Ni 3d irrespective of whether the peak is treated as a plasmon or satellite. Previous studies on Ni alloys showed that as the concentration of the more electropositive partners in the Ni alloy (such as Fe in a Ni-Fe alloy) increased compared to Ni, the intensity of the Ni energy loss decreased. However, contrary to previous studies, in steels that we studied, the intensity of the secondary peak increases as the concentration of Fe (or even Cr) increases. Copyright

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An XPS study of the interatomic charge distribution in stainless steels

Diplas

Moslemzadeh

Watts

et al. 2010

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…In Ref. [92,93], extensive XPS and AES analyses were undertaken on several Cr-Ni alloyed steels to investigate the local charge variation phenomena taking place at the atomic level, which was claimed to have dominant effect on the local atomic potential. In brief, because of the difference electronegativeness of Cr, Fe and Ni, Cr acts as a cation in the Fe-Cr-Ni system to donate electrons to Fe whereas Ni attracts electrons from Fe.…”

Section: Structural-chemical Characterization By Mossbauer Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Micro to Nano Scales -Recent Progress in the Characterization of Nitrided Austenitic Stainless Steels

Luo¹

2015

Int J Nanomed Nanosurg

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In the frontier of materials science, understanding of materials has been in multiple scales from macro, micro, to atomic levels. This is attributed to the advanced instrumentations such as SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, as well as several other spectroscopic and metallographic analyses. Fe-CrNi based austenitic stainless steels have a diverse range of modern applications ranging from biomedical prostheses in human bodies, food processing, to chemical engineering and nuclear power generation. The outstanding properties of the nitrided steels have attracted extensive research activities attempting to obtain a clear image on the structural characteristics of the structure, including nano-scale heterogeneity of the expanded austenite phase resulted from atomic-level chemical or electronic interactions in the alloying system. This paper provides a review on the structural characterization of nitrided austenitic stainless steels, with an emphasis on the latest experimental findings through the use of these sophisticated analytical tools. In the final section, several possible aspects of future studies are discussed.

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“…austenitic lattice because of the preferential Cr-Cr bonding [21] . Also because of preferential bonding of nitrogen to chromium [22][23][24] , the nitriding of the Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steels follows a trapping and de-trapping mode [25][26][27] . The structure of nitrided stainless steel depends strongly on the nitriding temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitriding Time on the Structural Evolution and Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Nitrided Using High Power Pulsed DC Glow Discharge Ar/N2 Plasma

Yang

Kitchen

Luo

et al. 2016

J. Coat. Sci. Technol.

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A high power pulsed DC glow discharge plasma (HPPGDP) system was employed to perform fast nitriding of AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel in Ar and N2 atmosphere. In-situ optical emission spectroscopy and Infrared pyrometer measurements were used during the plasma nitriding to investigate the effect of dynamic plasma on the nitriding behaviour. SEM and EDX, XRD, Knoop indentation, and tribo-tests were used to characterize microstructures and properties of the nitrided austenitic stainless steel samples.HPPGDP produced high ionization of both Ar and N2in the plasma that corresponded to dense ion bombardment on the biases steel samples to induce effective plasma surface heating and to form high nitrogen concentration on the biased steel surfaces, and therefore fast nitriding (> 10µm/hour) was achieved. Various phases were identified on the nitrided stainless steel samples formed from a predominantly a single phase of nitrogen supersaturated austenite toa multi-phase structure comprising chromium nitride, iron nitride and ferrite dependent on the nitriding time. All the nitrided AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel samples were evaluated with high hardness (up to 17.3 GPa) and exceptional wear resistance sliding to against hardened steel balls and tungsten carbide balls.

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Monitoring atomic level electronic changes in the alloying of stainless steels with Auger and photoelectron spectroscopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

An XPS study of the interatomic charge distribution in stainless steels

An XPS study of the interatomic charge distribution in stainless steels

From Micro to Nano Scales -Recent Progress in the Characterization of Nitrided Austenitic Stainless Steels

Effect of Nitriding Time on the Structural Evolution and Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Nitrided Using High Power Pulsed DC Glow Discharge Ar/N2 Plasma

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