Monitoring and Forecasting the Ocean State and Biogeochemical Processes in the Black Sea: Recent Developments in the Copernicus Marine Service

Ciliberti, Stefania Angela; Grégoire, Marilaure; Staneva, Joanna; Palazov, Atanas; Coppini, Giovanni; Lecci, Rita; Peneva, Elisaveta; Mătreaţă, Marius; Marinova, Veselka; Masina, Simona; Pinardi, Nadia; Jansen, Eric; Lima, Leonardo; Aydoğdu, Ali; Cretì, Sergio; Stefanizzi, Laura; Azevedo, Diana; Causio, Salvatore; Vandenbulcke, Luc; Capet, Arthur; Meulders, Catherine; Ivanov, Evgeny; Behrens, Arno; Ricker, Marcel; Gayer, Gerhard; Palermo, Francesco; Ilıcak, Mehmet; Gündüz, Murat; Valcheva, Nadezhda; Agostini, Paola

doi:10.3390/jmse9101146

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The circulation structure is primarily determined by wind stress curl and influenced by the seasonal evolution of surface thermohaline fluxes [16]. The anticyclonic eddies of Batumi and Sevastopol are the most permanent mesoscale structures in the Black Sea [25,[33][34][35].…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Marine Heatwaves in the Black Sea

2022

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Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have recently been at the forefront of climate research due to their devastating impacts on the marine environment. In this study, we have evaluated the spatiotemporal variability and trends of sea surface temperature (SST) and MHWs in the Black Sea. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and MHW frequency. This is the first attempt to investigate MHWs and their characteristics in the Black Sea using high-resolution remote-sensing daily satellite SST data (0.05° × 0.05°) from 1982 to 2020. The results showed that the spatial average of the SST warming rate over the entire basin was about 0.65 ± 0.07 °C/decade. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis revealed that SST in the Black Sea exhibited inter-annual spatiotemporal coherent variability. The maximum spatial SST variability was discovered in the central Black Sea, whereas the lowest variability was in the Batumi and Caucasus anti-cyclonic eddies in the eastern Black Sea. The highest SST temporal variability was found in 1994. More than two-thirds of all MHW events were recorded in the last decade (2010–2020). The highest annual MHW durations were reported in 1994 and 2020. The highest MHW frequency was detected in 2018 (7 waves). Over the whole study period (1982–2020), a statistically significant increase in annual MHW frequency and duration was detected, with trends of 1.4 ± 0.3 waves/decade and 2.8 ± 1.3 days/decade, respectively. A high number of MHW events coincided with El Niño (e.g., 1996, 1999, 2007, 2010, 2018, and 2020). A strong correlation (R = 0.90) was observed between the annual mean SST and the annual MHW frequency, indicating that more MHWs can be expected in the Black Sea, with serious consequences for the marine ecosystem.

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Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Marine Heatwaves in the Black Sea

2022

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“…Available in situ vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from both SeaDataNet, which is a pan-European infrastructure to ease the access to marine data measured by the countries bordering the European seas and CMEMS datasets are also assimilated. Further details about the model set up, are given by Ciliberti et al (2021).…”

Section: Data From Numerical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synergy of Data From Profiling Floats, Machine Learning and Numerical Modeling: Case of the Black Sea Euphotic Zone

2022

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Several important developments in recent decades have greatly advanced our understanding of the biogeochemistry of the ocean and its evolution. The first is attributable to satellites, which continue to provide data on some surface biogeochemical (BGC) properties. The second advancement is the development of sensors for acquiring in situ measurements, particularly by new observational platforms such as the BGC-Argo network (Claustre et al., 2020) and gliders. The third is the advancement in numerical BGC modeling. Unfortunately, each of these advancements suffers from numerous problems. Satellites observe only the ocean surface, whereas the layers beneath could be much more representative of the BGC system than the thin surface layer. BGC-Argo sensors measure properties over large depth ranges; however, sampling locations cannot be determined in advance, and coverage remains insufficient over most of the world's oceans. In addition, the number of sensors is limited.

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“…There are various models, including diagnostic and operational [45][46][47][48][49]. The Marine Copernicus provides regular and systematic information about the physical state of the Black Sea [50,51]. This information, however, is mainly satellite and simulation data, which do not work well in the absence of real data assimilation, especially in the coastal zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Structure in the Utrish Nature Reserve (Black Sea) during 2020–2021 According to Thermistor Chain Data

Silvestrova

Myslenkov

Puzina

et al. 2023

JMSE

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This paper reports the water temperature structure and associated coastal processes in the NE part of the Black Sea. In situ temperature was measured in the water area of the Utrish Nature Reserve. The thermistor chain was moored in 2020 and included 6–10 temperature sensors with an accuracy of ±0.025 °C and time step of one minute. The seasonal variations in the water temperature, upwelling events, internal waves and diurnal cycle were analyzed. The maximum value of SST (28.6 °C) was registered in the subsurface layer in August 2021; the minimum (7.7 °C) was registered in March 2022. Estimates of the diurnal temperature cycle were obtained according to spectral analysis. Summer months show the diurnal cycle more than 60% of the time, and the cold period shows it less than 10% of the time. Internal waves appeared in thermocline with periods from 5 min to 20 h. The strongest Ekman upwelling was registered in September 2021. The water temperature dropped from 26 °C to 16 °C in 10 h. Additionally, quality assessments of two hydrodynamic models were made. The models showed a good correlation (0.9) with water temperature measurements, but RMSE could reach 1–1.8 °C for subsurface layers. Temperature variability and its characteristics are an important basis for future coastal ecosystem studies in the Utrish.

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Monitoring and Forecasting the Ocean State and Biogeochemical Processes in the Black Sea: Recent Developments in the Copernicus Marine Service

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Marine Heatwaves in the Black Sea

Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Marine Heatwaves in the Black Sea

The Synergy of Data From Profiling Floats, Machine Learning and Numerical Modeling: Case of the Black Sea Euphotic Zone

Water Structure in the Utrish Nature Reserve (Black Sea) during 2020–2021 According to Thermistor Chain Data

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