Monitoring and Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Aquatic Systems

Mondal, Rahul; Kole, Ramen Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54712-7_3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…A recent Hungarian study on pesticides in ground- and surface water reported that more than half samples contained detectable levels of pesticides, and about 5% of the samples contained pesticides at levels exceeding the 100 ng/L maximum concentration level for individual pesticides, and 500 ng/L maximum concentration level for the sum of pesticides as specified by EU directives [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Additionally, numerous research articles have reported the frequent detection of pesticides in water worldwide [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The other environmental concern is the fate of pesticides, which can lead to harmful metabolites with unknown toxicity to animals and humans [ 3 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction of more hydrophilic compounds with LLE results in losses during sample preparation, therefore solid-phase extraction (SPE) shall be employed to obtain fit-for-purpose recovery for a broader range of analytes [ 2 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 36 , 37 ]. SPE utilizing modified hydrophilic polymeric cartridges enables the extraction of both polar and non-polar compounds if the sample pH is optimal [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 33 , 36 , 37 ]. Our aim was to develop an SPE clean-up method that enables the analysis of as many pesticides as possible in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Alternative Strategy for Screening and Confirmation of 330 Pesticides in Ground- and Surface Water Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tóth¹,

Tölgyesi²,

Simon³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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The presence of pesticide residues in water is a huge worldwide concern. In this paper we described the development and validation of a new liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for both screening and quantification of pesticides in water samples. In the sample preparation stage, the samples were buffered to pH 7.0 and pre-concentrated on polymeric-based cartridges via solid-phase extraction (SPE). Highly sensitive detection was carried out with mobile phases containing only 5 mM ammonium formate (pH of 6.8) as an eluent additive and using only positive ionization mode in MS/MS instrument. Hence, only 200-fold sample enrichment was required to set a screening detection limit (SDL) and reporting limit (RL) of 10 ng/L. The confirmatory method was validated at 10 and 100 ng/L spiking levels. The apparent recoveries obtained from the matrix-matched calibration (5–500 ng/L) were within the acceptable range (60–120%), also the precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) was not higher than 20%. During the development, 480 pesticides were tested and 330 compounds fulfilled the requirements of validation. The method was successfully applied to proficiency test samples to evaluate its accuracy. Moreover, the method robustness test was carried out using higher sample volume (500 mL) followed by automated SPE enrichment. Finally, the method was used to analyze 20 real samples, in which some compounds were detected around 10 ng/L, but never exceeded the assay maximum level.

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