Monascus Red Pigment Liposomes: Microstructural Characteristics, Stability, and Anticancer Activity

Peng, Long; Zhu, Lisha; Lai, Huafa; Xu, Suyin; Dong, Xing-Xing; Shao, Yanchun; Wang, Liling; Cheng, Shuiyuan; Liu, Gang; He, Jingren; He, Yi

doi:10.3390/foods12030447

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…MPs are divided into red (505 nm), yellow (410 nm), and orange (448 nm) pigments [33,35]. Therefore, the extracellular and intracellular pigments were tested to investigate whether MpSet1 and MpSwd3 affect pigment synthesis.…”

Section: Mpset1 and Mpswd3 Are Required For Mps Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

COMPASS core subunits MpSet1 and MpSwd3 regulate Monascus pigments synthesis in Monascus purpureus

Wu,

Gao,

Liu

2024

J Basic Microbiol

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In eukaryotes, methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me) catalyzed by the complex of proteins associated with Set1 (COMPASS) is crucial for the transcriptional regulation of genes and the development of organisms. In Monascus, the functions of COMPASS in establishing H3K4me remain unclear. This study first identified the conserved COMPASS core subunits MpSet1 and MpSwd3 in Monascus purpureus and confirmed their roles in establishing H3K4me2/3. Loss of MpSet1 and MpSwd3 resulted in slower growth and development and inhibited the formation of cleistothecia, ascospores, and conidia. The loss of these core subunits also decreased the production of extracellular and intracellular Monascus pigments (MPs) by 94.2%, 93.5%, 82.7%, and 82.5%, respectively. In addition, RNA high‐throughput sequencing and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) showed that the loss of MpSet1 and MpSwd3 altered the expression of 2646 and 2659 genes, respectively, and repressed the transcription of MPs synthesis‐related genes. In addition, the ΔMpset1 and ΔMpswd3 strains demonstrated increased sensitivity to cell wall stress with the downregulation of chitin synthase‐coding genes. These results indicated that the COMPASS core subunits MpSet1 and MpSwd3 help establish H3K4me2/3 for growth and development, spore formation, and pigment synthesis in Monascus. These core subunits also assist in maintaining cell wall integrity.

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Section: Mpset1 and Mpswd3 Are Required For Mps Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

COMPASS core subunits MpSet1 and MpSwd3 regulate Monascus pigments synthesis in Monascus purpureus

Wu,

Gao,

Liu

2024

J Basic Microbiol

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“…Several strategies can be used to guarantee the stability of the pigment, such as pigment encapsulation using precipitation, spray or freeze drying, or liposome membranes methods with a different encapsulating agent (dextrin, maltodextrin, sodium caseinate, gum Arabic, among others) and carrier agents (propylene glycol, mannitol, among others), which can result in products with different structures and stability profiles (Priatni, 2015;Jian et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2020b;Ali et al, 2022;Long et al, 2023).…”

Section: Monascus Sp and Its Pigment Production Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yogurt and milk beverage from buffalo milk M. ruber Went AUMC 5,705; solid-state fermentation (broken rice and monosodium glutamate (2%); pH 6.5; 30 Encapsulation of Monascus pigment using liposome membranes using a thin-film ultrasonic method demonstrated stability at pH (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10), thermal (water bath at 60, 70, 80, and 90 • C/5 h), light (500 lx), storage in refrigeration (4 • C for 30 days in the dark), and in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion stability and stronger inhibitory effect on MKN-28 cells (gastric cancer cell line) by damaging the integrity of cells (Long et al, 2023). In addition, liposomes containing rubropunctatin (a Monascus pigment) demonstrated greater water solubility, stability to light (tungsten lamp (500 W, wavelength of 597-622 nm), also increasing anticancer activity and stimulating apoptosis-promoting mechanism (Xu et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Monascus Sp and Its Pigment Production Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential, strategies, and challenges of Monascus pigment for food application

Egea

Dantas²,

Sousa³

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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The demand for dyes from natural sources to substitute synthetic dyes for application in the food industry has been continuously increasing due to some synthetic dyes being associated with several problems, including hypersensitivity, carcinogenesis, and negative environmental impacts. Furthermore, dyes from natural sources (like pigments) are generally regarded by the consumer as safer or with fewer side effects—a fact that requires in-depth investigation—, which increases the commercial interest in such products. In this sense, great focus has been given to the biotechnological potential of Monascus sp. to produce red, orange, and yellow pigments using different types of the fermentation process (submerged or in solid-state fermentation), substrates, and process parameters (temperature, pH, agitation, aeration, etc.), aiming at optimizing and reducing costs in pigment production. In general, Monascus pigment has shown stability at neutral and basic pH, at elevated temperatures for a few hours, and to some metallic ions while not showing stability at acidic pH, elevated temperatures for many hours, and in the presence of light. Applications of Monascus pigment with colorant function in foods (candies, bread, yogurt, cheese, beer, and meat products) reported improvement in the color aspect by sensory analysis. The application of Monascus pigment still seems promising and incipient, demonstrating that it needs to be further studied, mainly concerning the stability of the pigment in vivo systems (inside the food) where adverse conditions are combined. Regulatory issues are heterogeneous around the world, which creates difficulties to expand production and commercialization but also demonstrates the need for studies to confirm its safety. In this sense, this mini-review presents the potential, strategies, and challenges of Monascus pigment for food application.

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“…The light stability was evaluated using the method described by Long et al [32] but with small modifications. The same concentrations of complex (DH = 0.0%), complex (DH = 0.5%), and MRPs solution were irradiated (500 l× light intensity, and 30 cm irradiation distance) for 0 to 5 h at room temperature (with temperature adjusted to 25 • C) with an incandescent lamp.…”

Section: Light Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compare the pH stability, the pH of complex (DH = 0.0%), complex (DH = 0.5%), and MRPs solution with the same concentration was adjusted to 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0 using 0.1 M NaOH or HCl solution and stored in the dark for 5 h at room temperature [32].…”

Section: Ph Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Multispectroscopic Characterization, and Stability Analysis of Monascus Red Pigments—Whey Protein Isolate Complex

Lai

Wang

Liao

et al. 2023

Foods

Self Cite

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Monascus red pigments (MRPs) are mainly used as natural food colorants; however, their application is limited due to their poor stability. To expand their areas of application, we investigated the binding constants and capacity of MRPs to whey protein isolate (WPI) and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) and calculated the surface hydrophobicities of WPI and WPH. MRPs were combined with WPI and WPH at a hydrolysis degree (DH) of 0.5% to form the complexes (DH = 0.0%) and (DH = 0.5%), respectively. Subsequently, the structural characteristics of complex (DH = 0.5%) and WPI were characterized and the color retention rates of both complexes and MRPs were investigated under different pretreatment conditions. The results showed that the maximum binding constant of WPI with MRPs was 0.670 ± 0.06 U−1 and the maximum binding capacity was 180 U/g. Furthermore, the thermal degradation of complex (DH = 0.0%), complex (DH = 0.5%), and MRPs in a water bath at 50–100 °C followed a first-order kinetic model. Thus, the interaction of WPI with MRPs could alter the protein conformation of WPI and effectively protect the stability of MRPs.

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Monascus Red Pigment Liposomes: Microstructural Characteristics, Stability, and Anticancer Activity

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

COMPASS core subunits MpSet1 and MpSwd3 regulate Monascus pigments synthesis in Monascus purpureus

COMPASS core subunits MpSet1 and MpSwd3 regulate Monascus pigments synthesis in Monascus purpureus

The potential, strategies, and challenges of Monascus pigment for food application

Preparation, Multispectroscopic Characterization, and Stability Analysis of Monascus Red Pigments—Whey Protein Isolate Complex

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