« Mon corps est une arme », des suffragettes aux Femen

From actions to words: FEMEN’s fourth-wave manifestos

“… 1 See Bard (2014: 213−240), Chollet (2013), Delaume (2013), Fauré (2013: 377−388), and Fraisse (2014: 65−80). …”

“… 6 Those have been successfully addressed in many studies. See, namely, Bard (2014: 232−236, 241−242, Bertini (2014: 23−24), Chollet (2013), Delaume (2013), Eileraas (2014: 47−51), Fauré (2013: 383), Khrebtan-Hörhager and Kononenko (2015: 224−251), Rivers (2017: 79−105), and Valente (2015: 143−152). See also the Women’s Studies in Communication special forum on FEMEN (McAlister, 2015: 357−392). …”

“… 9 A stance that was decried or supported by some, including fellow feminist activists (Bard, 2014: 240; Chollet, 2013; Delaume, 2013; Fauré, 2013: 384; Khrebtan-Hörhager and Kononenko, 2015: 231; Rivers, 2017: 80, 84, 151). …”

“… 18 For FEMEN’s problematic universalism or global feminism, see Bard (2014: 233), Chollet (2013), Delaume (2013), Eileraas (2014: 47−51), Fauré (2013: 377−388), Khrebtan-Hörhager and Kononenko (2015: 224−251), and Rivers (2017: 12, 81−93). …”

“… 19 As scholars underline, topless protest is neither specific to FEMEN nor new, and has occurred in non-Western countries as well (Bard, 2014: 213−240; Bertini, 2014: 24; Fauré, 2013: 377−388; Fraisse, 2014: 66; Khrebtan-Hörhager and Kononenko, 2015: 224−251). While neither feminist nor connected to FEMEN, topless protests occurred globally in the 2010s, for instance, in Latin America and Asia. …”