“…In the interconnect geometries, the typical variations take account of linewidth, thickness, height, and interlayer dielectric thickness, and these variations can lead to substantial disagreement between the conceptual design and real fabricated chip. These discrepancies are collectively referred to as process variations [5]. Traditionally in the earlier technologies, designers were principally concerned with transistor variations, which could be captured by worst/best case process corners because a small number of process parameters, such as channel length, directly determined performance.…”