Molybdenum, vanadium, and uranium weathering in small mountainous rivers and rivers draining high-standing islands

Gardner, Christopher B.; Carey, Anne E.; Lyons, W. Berry; Goldsmith, Steven T.; McAdams, Brandon C.; Trierweiler, Annette M.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.012

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Watershed lithology can exert an influence on riverine U concentrations as waters draining the carbonate and shale bedrock can have higher U values 19 . The watersheds of all but Buckeye Lake and the Hoover Reservoir do have underlying Paleozoic carbonates which could be sources of dissolved U.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium in Ohio, USA Surface Waters: Implications for a Fertilizer Source in Waters Draining Agricultural lands

Lyons

Gardner

Welch

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Synthetic fertilizer is a potential source of uranium to natural waters, yet evidence is lacking. We analyzed dissolved uranium concentrations in lakes, reservoirs, and rivers in ohio, USA during the summer of 2017. All water bodies drain areas of extensive agriculture where phosphate-rich fertilizer is applied. Uranium concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 3.9 µg L −1 , with the lowest concentrations observed in the most offshore Lake Erie samples. These results, especially when placed in the context of previous work on both surface and groundwater, suggest that dissolved uranium concentrations in this water emanating from agricultural lands are higher than background, and uranium should be categorized similarly to nitrate and phosphate in that it originates in part from fertilizer application.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium in Ohio, USA Surface Waters: Implications for a Fertilizer Source in Waters Draining Agricultural lands

Lyons

Gardner

Welch

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…With respect to chemical weathering, Shiller and Mao (12) observed that world rivers are characterized by relatively constant dissolved V/Si ratio (∼66 × 10 −6 mol V/mol Si), suggesting that dissolved V and Si are dominantly derived from chemical weathering of silicate rocks (27). In a detailed study of global weathering, Gaillardet et al (28) concluded that virtually all dissolved silica in rivers derives from silicate weathering.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Schlesinger

Klein

Vengosh

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

195

126

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Synthesizing published data, we provide a quantitative summary of the global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium (V), including both human-derived and natural fluxes. Through mining of V ores (130 × 10 9 g V/y) and extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (600 × 10 9 g V/y), humans are the predominant force in the geochemical cycle of V at Earth's surface. Human emissions of V to the atmosphere are now likely to exceed background emissions by as much as a factor of 1.7, and, presumably, we have altered the deposition of V from the atmosphere by a similar amount. Excessive V in air and water has potential, but poorly documented, consequences for human health. Much of the atmospheric flux probably derives from emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, but the magnitude of this flux depends on the type of fuel, with relatively low emissions from coal and higher contributions from heavy crude oils, tar sands bitumen, and petroleum coke. Increasing interest in petroleum derived from unconventional deposits is likely to lead to greater emissions of V to the atmosphere in the near future. Our analysis further suggests that the flux of V in rivers has been incremented by about 15% from human activities. Overall, the budget of dissolved V in the oceans is remarkably well balanced-with about 40 × 10 9 g V/y to 50 × 10 9 g V/y inputs and outputs, and a mean residence time for dissolved V in seawater of about 130,000 y with respect to inputs from rivers.vanadium | petroleum | geochemical cycle | aerosols | rock weathering V anadium (V) occurs in a wide range of earth materials and is a relatively abundant trace metal, with an average concentration in the upper continental crust (97 mg/kg) more than double those of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) (1). In modern society, the majority of V is used to improve the strength and corrosion resistance of steel; it is also of increasing strategic and technological interest as a specialty metal in electronics and batteries. V is an essential trace element in prokaryotic biochemistry, where it is found as an alternative to molybdenum in the molecular structure of nitrogenase, the enzyme of N fixation (2-4). It also appears in the structure of enzymes in the marine algae responsible for the formation of bromoform (5) and methyl bromide (6), which contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Whether V is an essential trace element in higher plants and animals is unknown (7), with some evidence favoring an essential role in at least some higher organisms (e.g., refs. 8 and 9). Higher plants accumulate about 1 mg/kg in their tissues (10).The mean concentration of V in the continental crust is about 97 mg/kg (1, 11), and ∼20 × 10 9 g V/y enters biogeochemical cycles at Earth's surface through chemical weathering (12). V, which can exist in three common oxidation states, is largely found as the vanadate ion (H 2 VO 4 − ) in natural oxidized waters of near-neutral pH. The dissolved concentration in river water is about 0.7 μg/L, less than half of the concentration of ∼1.8 μg/L in seawa...

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“…Stream water to regolith ratios for V was not significantly different than Fe for each CZO, suggesting V export is directly controlled with Fe movement. This may be as either dissolved or fine colloids <0.45 µm, the size of the filter pores used in this study (e.g., Pokrovsky and Schott, 2002;Gardner et al, 2017). Stream water Cr concentrations exhibited the greatest variation among the four CZOs.…”

Section: Stream Water Export Of Mo V and Crmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The influence of deep regolith-the unconsolidated layer of physically and chemically weathered rock that overlies unweathered bedrock-on oxyanion biogeochemistry in the Critical Zone is largely unconstrained below 2 m depth. Previous studies of Mo, Cr, and V sourcing to stream waters have primarily focused on surface soils <0.3 m depth (e.g., Salvador-Blanes et al, 2006;Gäbler et al, 2009;Wichard et al, 2009;Pérez et al, 2014;Morrison et al, 2015;Larsson et al, 2017;Wisawapipat and Kretzschmar, 2017) or only aqueous systems (e.g., Kerr et al, 2008;Gardner et al, 2017). However, regolith underlying soils at depths >1 m may be an important source of metals to surface waters and may also influence their immobilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regolith Weathering and Sorption Influences Molybdenum, Vanadium, and Chromium Export via Stream Water at Four Granitoid Critical Zone Observatories

Richardson

King

2018

Front. Earth Sci.

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Understanding the fate of oxyanions in the Critical Zone is important because of their biological significance and the potential for their use as geochemical tracers in terrestrial environments and subsurface systems. This study assessed the partitioning and transport of a suite of oxyanion metals (Mo, V, and Cr) in regolith profiles and stream waters from four granitoid Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) (Boulder Creek, Calhoun, Luquillo, and Southern Sierra). For regolith profiles, we compared Mo, V, and Cr in total digestions and two extractions targeting oxyanions adsorbed to organic matter and amorphous oxides (H 2 O 2 + 0.1 M acetic acid) and secondary Fe oxides (citratebicarbonate-dithionite). Total Mo, V, and Cr ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 mg kg −1 , 16 to 208 mg kg −1 , and 0.2 to 55 mg kg −1 , respectively. The greatest concentrations of the oxyanions did not occur in surface soil samples, nor deepest regolith samples (7-10 m in depth), but instead in subsurface peaks that corresponded with secondary Fe oxides and total organic carbon. The average organic and amorphous oxide bound phase was 0.1-3.5% while the secondary Fe oxide fraction was 4-27% of the respective total concentrations for oxyanions, suggesting that secondary Fe oxides were an important phase across the regolith profile. Stream water Mo, V, and Cr concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.25 µg L −1 , 0.2 to 1.8 µg L −1 , and 0.08 to 0.44 µg L −1 , respectively. Our results demonstrate that the deep regolith (2-7 m in depth) play an active role in both sourcing and retention of oxyanions. In addition, we observed that increased weathering intensity at warmer, wetter climates does not always lead to increased depletion in regolith or stream water export, which implies the importance of transport processes within regolith. Further quantification of oxyanion export from regolith can aid in developing their use as geochemical tools for global weathering.

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Molybdenum, vanadium, and uranium weathering in small mountainous rivers and rivers draining high-standing islands

Cited by 24 publications

References 95 publications

Uranium in Ohio, USA Surface Waters: Implications for a Fertilizer Source in Waters Draining Agricultural lands

Uranium in Ohio, USA Surface Waters: Implications for a Fertilizer Source in Waters Draining Agricultural lands

Global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium

Regolith Weathering and Sorption Influences Molybdenum, Vanadium, and Chromium Export via Stream Water at Four Granitoid Critical Zone Observatories

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