Molybdenum disulfide (MoS_2) as a broadband saturable absorber for ultra-fast photonics

Zhang, H.; Lu, Shunbin; Zheng, Jian; Du, Juan; Wen, S. C.; Tang, Ding; Loh, Kian Ping

doi:10.1364/oe.22.007249

Cited by 1,030 publications

(592 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12] Furthermore, some of these nanomaterials are also used as optical absorber for ultrafast photonics, such as passive Q-switcher, optical limiter, and mode locker, because of their broadband nonlinear optical response if under high power laser illumination. [13][14][15][16][17] However, these nanomaterials are limited in its applications for optoelectronic devices because of their intrinsic energy bandgap. Very recently, black phosphorus (BP) as a rising 2D material has raised much attention owing to its relatively higher carrier mobility, and more…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvothermal Synthesis and Ultrafast Photonics of Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots

Wang

Guo

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

336

105

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active photo electronic response, [18][19][20][21][22] with some emerging applications such as transistors and photodetectors devices. [23][24][25][26][27] Meanwhile, BP is used in vapor sensor, drug delivery, and cellular tracking systems because of its sensitivity and low toxicity. [28][29][30][31] Mechanical and liquid exfoliation methods have been adopted to prepare BP nanosheets with different numbers of layers and sizes. [32][33][34] Due to thickness-dependent bandgap structure of BP which is tunable ranged from 0.3 eV (bulk) to 1.5 eV (monolayer) [ 26,35,36 ] and anomalous anisotropy, [ 37 ] BP nanosheets show nonlinear saturable absorption properties, [ 38 ] and used as the saturable absorber for fi ber lasers. [ 39,40 ] However, the lateral size and thickness of these BP nanosheets is hardly to be controlled by the liquid exfoliation methods, which limits the investigations of the nonlinear optical properties of the BP with special size.Recently, ultrasmall BP nanosheets (also called as BP quantum dots, BPQDs) were prepared from the bulk BP crystal using liquid exfoliation methods established by Zhang's group and our group. [ 41,42 ] BPQDs exhibit unique electronic and optical properties in association with the quantum confi nement and edge effects. [ 43 ] However, there remains uninvestigated on the light-matter interaction between laser and BPQDs, and the ultrafast and nonlinear optical properties of BPQDs have not yet been studied.In this paper, we describe a solvothermal method in N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to synthesize ultrasmall BPQDs Ultrasmall black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) with an average size of 2.1 ± 0.9 nm are synthesized by using a solvothermal method in a N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution. Verifi ed by femto-second laser Z-scan measurement, BPQDs exhibit excellent nonlinear optical response with a modulation depth of about 36% and a saturable intensity of about 3.3 GW cm −2 . By using BPQDs as optical saturable absorber, the ultrashort pulse with a pulse duration of about 1.08 ps centered at a wavelength of 1567.5 nm is generated in mode-locked fi ber laser. These results suggest that BPQDs may be developed as another kind of promising nanomaterial for ultrafast photonics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvothermal Synthesis and Ultrafast Photonics of Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots

Wang

Guo

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

336

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several applications [19][20][21][22][23][24] can be linked to the rich many-body effects of excitons in low-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. The long lifetimes of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides enable interaction with additional degrees of freedom linked to the unique optical selection rules of the momentum valleys 25,26 of two-dimensional MX 2 materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast exciton relaxation in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides

Thilagam

2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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We examine a mechanism by which excitons undergo ultrafast relaxation in common monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. It is shown that at densities ≈ 1× 10 11 cm −2 and temperatures ≤ 60 K, excitons in well known monolayers (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2) exist as point-like structureless electron-hole quasiparticles. We evaluate the average rate of exciton energy relaxation due to acoustic phonons via the deformation potential and the piezoelectric coupling mechanisms and examine the effect of spreading of the excitonic wavefunction into the region perpendicular to the monolayer plane. Our results show that the exciton relaxation rate is enhanced with increase in the exciton temperature, while it is decreased with increase in the lattice temperature. Good agreements with available experimental data are obtained when the calculations are extrapolated to room temperatures. A unified approach taking into account the deformation potential and piezoelectric coupling mechanisms shows that exciton relaxation induced by phonons is as significant as defect assisted scattering and trapping of excitons by surface states in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides.

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“…These relations are found by straightforward matrix calculations, where one of the intermediate steps yields the coefficients of the middle layer B: (36) in Eq. (32) can be viewed as the effective coefficients of the modes that are radiated by the combined multilayerinterface system ABS.…”

Section: Inhomogeneous S-matrix Formalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows one to employ graphene in active photonic devices with improved functionality, including ultracompact modulators, optical limiters, frequency converters, and photovoltaic and photoresistive devices [17,[28][29][30][31]34]. In a complementary fashion, TMDC monolayers are semiconducting materials, which renders them particularly suitable to be employed in nanoscale transistors and saturable absorbers [35,36], and have noncentrosymmetric atomic lattice and hence allow even-order nonlinear optical processes [37][38][39][40]. The implementation of these linear and nonlinear optical properties into applications, however, requires advances in nanofabrication and experimental techniques [17,41,42], theoretical models, and numerical methods for modeling of devices incorporating 2D materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and computational analysis of second- and third-harmonic generation in periodically patterned graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers

Weismann

Panoiu

2016

Phys. Rev. B

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Remarkable optical and electrical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers, offer vast technological potential for novel and improved optoelectronic nanodevices, many of which rely on nonlinear optical effects in these 2D materials. This paper introduces a highly effective numerical method for efficient and accurate description of linear and nonlinear optical effects in nanostructured 2D materials embedded in periodic photonic structures containing regular three-dimensional (3D) optical materials, such as diffraction gratings and periodic metamaterials. The proposed method builds upon the rigorous coupled-wave analysis and incorporates the nonlinear optical response of 2D materials by means of modified electromagnetic boundary conditions. This allows one to reduce the mathematical framework of the numerical method to an inhomogeneous scattering matrix formalism, which makes it more accurate and efficient than previously used approaches. An overview of linear and nonlinear optical properties of graphene and TMDC monolayers is given and the various features of the corresponding optical spectra are explored numerically and discussed. To illustrate the versatility of our numerical method, we use it to investigate the linear and nonlinear multiresonant optical response of 2D-3D heteromaterials for enhanced and tunable second-and third-harmonic generation. In particular, by employing a structured 2D material optically coupled to a patterned slab waveguide, we study the interplay between geometric resonances associated to guiding modes of periodically patterned slab waveguides and plasmon or exciton resonances of 2D materials.

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Molybdenum disulfide (MoS_2) as a broadband saturable absorber for ultra-fast photonics

Cited by 1,030 publications

References 34 publications

Solvothermal Synthesis and Ultrafast Photonics of Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots

Solvothermal Synthesis and Ultrafast Photonics of Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots

Ultrafast exciton relaxation in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides

Theoretical and computational analysis of second- and third-harmonic generation in periodically patterned graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers

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