Molten salt assisted synthesis and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of (V1−x−yTixCry)2AlC solid solutions

Luo, Wei; Liu, Yi; Wang, Chuangye; Zhao, Dan; Yuan, Xiaoyan; Wang, Lei; Zhu, Jianfeng; Guo, Shouwu; Kong, Xingang

doi:10.1039/d1tc01338f

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…If one considers the traditional top-down approach for MXene synthesis, i.e., selective etching of a 3D precursor, there are numerous opportunities for future MXene development. The recent addition of (Mo 0.8 Nb 0.2 ) 5 AlC 4 and high-entropy MAX phases − ,− ,− has opened up avenues for higher-order MAX phases, where theoretical studies could be used for identifying promising candidates for MXene parent materials and reveal whether chemical order or solid solutions can be expected. Here, choice of method for structure predictions is crucial, also including machine learning procedures for more efficient predictions. − Such procedures should ideally also consider formation enthalpy as a descriptor for more realistic predictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years there has been progress in the synthesis of MAX phases with more than two metals. ,,− ,− These so-called high-entropy MAX phases, schematically illustrated in Figure i–l, are composed of three to five metals (M′ + M′′ + M′′′ + ...) forming multielement solid solutions across the M layers. Corresponding MXenes have been demonstrated for n = 1, − n = 2, n = 3, , and n = 4 .…”

Section: Max Phasesmain Precursor For Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomic Scale Design of MXenes and Their Parent Materials─From Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives

Zhou,

Dahlqvist,

Björk

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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More than a decade after the discovery of MXene, there has been a remarkable increase in research on synthesis, characterization, and applications of this growing family of two-dimensional (2D) carbides and nitrides. Today, these materials include one, two, or more transition metals arranged in chemically ordered or disordered structures of three, five, seven, or nine atomic layers, with a surface chemistry characterized by surface terminations. By combining M, X, and various surface terminations, it appears that a virtually endless number of MXenes is possible. However, for the design and discovery of structures and compositions beyond current MXenes, one needs suitable (stable) precursors, an assessment of viable pathways for 3D to 2D conversion, and utilization or development of corresponding synthesis techniques. Here, we present a critical and forward-looking review of the field of atomic scale design and synthesis of MXenes and their parent materials. We discuss theoretical methods for predicting MXene precursors and for assessing whether they are chemically exfoliable. We also summarize current experimental methods for realizing the predicted materials, listing all verified MXenes to date, and outline research directions that will improve the fundamental understanding of MXene processing, enabling atomic scale design of future 2D materials, for emerging technologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Max Phasesmain Precursor For Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Scale Design of MXenes and Their Parent Materials─From Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives

Zhou,

Dahlqvist,

Björk

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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“…In order to improve the EM wave absorption performance, a series of MAX phases have been designed and synthesized through tuning in chemical compositions and structures. [8] In 2021, Kong's et al [9] found that (V 1-x-y Ti x Cr y ) 2 AlC MAX phase exhibited prominent EM absorption performance when compared with ternary MAX phases (Ti 2 AlC, V 2 AlC, and Cr 2 AlC). Moreover, high entropy (Mo 0.25 Cr 0.25 Ti 0.25 V 0.25 ) 3 AlC 2 MAX phase kept excellent EM wave absorption even after high-temperature oxidation treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 8 ] In 2021, Kong's et al. [ 9 ] found that (V 1‐x‐y Ti x Cr y ) 2 AlC MAX phase exhibited prominent EM absorption performance when compared with ternary MAX phases (Ti 2 AlC, V 2 AlC, and Cr 2 AlC). Moreover, high entropy (Mo 0.25 Cr 0.25 Ti 0.25 V 0.25 ) 3 AlC 2 MAX phase kept excellent EM wave absorption even after high‐temperature oxidation treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiprincipal Element M₂FeC (M = Ti,V,Nb,Ta,Zr) MAX Phases with Synergistic Effect of Dielectric and Magnetic Loss

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution is harmful to human health and environment, thus it is absolutely important to develop new electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. MAX phases have been attracted more attention as a potential candidate for electromagnetic wave absorbing materials due to their high conductivity and nanolaminated structure. Herein, two new magnetic MAX phases with multiprincipal elements ((Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2FeC) in which Fe atoms replace Al atoms in the A sites are successfully synthesized by an isomorphous replacement reaction of multiprincipal (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2AlC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2AlC MAX phases with Lewis acid salt (FeCl2). (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2FeC exhibit ferromagnetic behavior, and the Curie temperature (Tc) are 302 and 235 K, respectively. The dual electromagnetic absorption mechanisms that include dielectric and magnetic loss, which is realized in these multiprincipal MAX phases. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC is −44.4 dB at 6.56 GHz with 3 mm thickness, and the effective bandwidth is 2.48 GHz. Additionally, the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the magnetic MAX phases indicate that magnetic loss also plays an important role besides dielectric loss. This work shows a promising composition‐design strategy to develop MAX phases with good EM wave absorption performance via simultaneously regulating dielectric and magnetic loss together.

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“…[9][10][11] Since PbI 2 has the advantage of a defect passivation effect, modulating the distribution and size of the PbI 2 residues can preserve the positive effect. [12][13][14] Wang et al reported ligand modulation that vertically distributes PbI 2 nanosheets between the grain boundaries. [15] Qin et al reported a zwitterion-functionalized SnO 2 substrate that induces rearrangement of the stacking direction and orientation of residual PbI 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Stability of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (PCE ≈ 24.5%) by Suppressing PbI₂ Inclusion Formation

Shin

Nandi

Seo

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Excess lead(II) iodide (PbI2) has controversial roles in affecting the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Since the photoinstability of PbI2 is now known to largely accelerate perovskite degradation, suppressing and/or eliminating excess PbI2 is key to improving the stability of PSCs. Herein, process‐dependent PbI2 formation on the surfaces of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) films is examined. Due to the faster evaporation rate of organic substances, crystalline PbI2 as an inclusion is found within the triple junction grain boundaries. With this hypothesis, two strategies are suggested: control of the 1) vapor pressure and 2) stoichiometry of precursor solutions to induce sufficient reaction of FAPbI3. Although both strategies successfully eliminate the PbI2 as inclusions, due to the slower evaporation rate, vapor pressure control films also exhibit a larger grain size (≈1.18 µm) with a good film quality to attain the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.5%. Furthermore, the phase stability of α‐FAPbI3 is improved due to the elimination of the degradation sites induced by the photoinstability of PbI2. The findings explore the formation process of unwanted PbI2 (≈2.8%) and provide a simple method to effectively suppress its formation. This may further boost the PCE and stability, especially for FA‐based perovskites.

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Molten salt assisted synthesis and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of (V_1−x−yTi_xCr_y)₂AlC solid solutions

Abstract: MAX phases solid solutions have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique structure and properties. However, the synthesis of MAX phase solid solution doped with multi-elements at the M-site is...

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Atomic Scale Design of MXenes and Their Parent Materials─From Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives

Atomic Scale Design of MXenes and Their Parent Materials─From Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives

Multiprincipal Element M₂FeC (M = Ti,V,Nb,Ta,Zr) MAX Phases with Synergistic Effect of Dielectric and Magnetic Loss

Enhancing Stability of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (PCE ≈ 24.5%) by Suppressing PbI₂ Inclusion Formation

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Molten salt assisted synthesis and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of (V1−x−yTixCry)2AlC solid solutions

Abstract: MAX phases solid solutions have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique structure and properties. However, the synthesis of MAX phase solid solution doped with multi-elements at the M-site is...

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Atomic Scale Design of MXenes and Their Parent Materials─From Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives

Atomic Scale Design of MXenes and Their Parent Materials─From Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives

Multiprincipal Element M2FeC (M = Ti,V,Nb,Ta,Zr) MAX Phases with Synergistic Effect of Dielectric and Magnetic Loss

Enhancing Stability of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (PCE ≈ 24.5%) by Suppressing PbI2 Inclusion Formation

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Product

Resources

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Molten salt assisted synthesis and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of (V_1−x−yTi_xCr_y)₂AlC solid solutions

Multiprincipal Element M₂FeC (M = Ti,V,Nb,Ta,Zr) MAX Phases with Synergistic Effect of Dielectric and Magnetic Loss

Enhancing Stability of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (PCE ≈ 24.5%) by Suppressing PbI₂ Inclusion Formation