“…Common mosaic disease occurs in various parts of Brazil (Costa, 1940a;Costa et al, 1970) and has also been reported in Colombia Cassava masaie disease (Afrlcan masaic). Leaf showlng typical chlorosis and deformatian (Photograph courtesy of Dr. R, Williams, liTA, Ibaden, Nigeria.)…”
Section: Cassava Common Masaie Diseasementioning
confidence: 88%
“…5). The hast range of this virus is re!atively wide and it is ab!e to attack Manihat spp., Euphorbia prunofolia, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. guinoa, Malva parviflora, and Gossypium hirsutum (Costa et al, 1970).…”
Section: Cassava Common Masaie Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…comm.). Losses in yield range from 10 to 20% but beca use of its ease of control the disease is considered comperatively unimportant (Costa et al, 1970). The symptoms in cassava are characteristic of a mosaie disease and cons;st mainly of chlorosis of the !eaf bJade.…”
Section: Cassava Common Masaie Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…with a normal length of about 500 mM (Kitajima et al .. 1965;Kitajima and Costa, 1966a;Costa et al, 1970) with good antigenic properties (Silva, 1962;Costa and Kitajima, 1972a).…”
Section: Cassava Common Masaie Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Effective control has easily been achieved by the use of c!ean vegetative planting material and by roguing diseased plants from plantations (Costa and Normanha, 1939;Costa et al, 1970).…”
“…Common mosaic disease occurs in various parts of Brazil (Costa, 1940a;Costa et al, 1970) and has also been reported in Colombia Cassava masaie disease (Afrlcan masaic). Leaf showlng typical chlorosis and deformatian (Photograph courtesy of Dr. R, Williams, liTA, Ibaden, Nigeria.)…”
Section: Cassava Common Masaie Diseasementioning
confidence: 88%
“…5). The hast range of this virus is re!atively wide and it is ab!e to attack Manihat spp., Euphorbia prunofolia, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. guinoa, Malva parviflora, and Gossypium hirsutum (Costa et al, 1970).…”
Section: Cassava Common Masaie Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…comm.). Losses in yield range from 10 to 20% but beca use of its ease of control the disease is considered comperatively unimportant (Costa et al, 1970). The symptoms in cassava are characteristic of a mosaie disease and cons;st mainly of chlorosis of the !eaf bJade.…”
Section: Cassava Common Masaie Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…with a normal length of about 500 mM (Kitajima et al .. 1965;Kitajima and Costa, 1966a;Costa et al, 1970) with good antigenic properties (Silva, 1962;Costa and Kitajima, 1972a).…”
Section: Cassava Common Masaie Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Effective control has easily been achieved by the use of c!ean vegetative planting material and by roguing diseased plants from plantations (Costa and Normanha, 1939;Costa et al, 1970).…”
Maize bushy stunt and corn stunt have emerged among the most important diseases of maize in Brazil. To evaluate the single or dual presence of the phytoplasma and spiroplasma associated with corn stunting diseases, maize samples were collected across several locations in four Brazilian states. Multiplex PCR was performed for simultaneous detection of the bacteria. Eighty-nine out of 100 samples were positive with percentage values of 40%, 35%, and 25% for phytoplasma, spiroplasma, and mixed infections, respectively. Temperature may be an important driver of the prevalence of these mollicutes as phytoplasma prevailed in areas with mild temperatures and spiroplasma prevailed in warmer areas. These results extend knowledge of factors associated with corn stunting diseases, such as the potential role of temperature shaping the composition of the regional plant pathogenic populations.
Corn stunt disease is a major limiting factor in production of corn (Zea mays) in the Americas. To develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for detection of the causal agent, Spiroplasma kunkelii, PCR primers were designed on the basis of unique regions of the nucleotide sequence of the S. kunkelii spiralin gene. DNA was amplified in PCRs containing template DNAs derived from laboratory strains of S. kunkelii and from naturally diseased corn plants collected in the field. No DNA amplification was observed in PCRs containing template DNAs derived from other Spiroplasma species tested or from healthy corn or corn infected by maize bushy stunt phytoplasma. The availability of a sensitive and specific PCR for detection and identification of S. kunkelii should facilitate studies of the ecology of this pathogen, as well as its influence in the incidence, spread, and severity of corn stunting diseases.
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