Molecule-as-a-frame: A frame based communication approach for nanonetworks

Gursoy, Mustafa Can; Pusane, Alí Emre; Tuǧcu, Tuna

doi:10.1016/j.nancom.2018.02.005

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…which obeys the probability density function (PDF) of R j [k]. Hence, P (R j [k] > R j [k]) can be found byP (R j [k] > R j [k]) = Rj [k] (r)dr(14) similar to the approach presented in[30]. f Rj [k] (r) denotes the PDF corresponding to R j [k].…”

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confidence: 99%

Index Modulation for Molecular Communication via Diffusion Systems

Gursoy

Başar

Pusane

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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Molecular communication via diffusion (MCvD) is a molecular communication method that utilizes the free diffusion of carrier molecules to transfer information at the nano-scale. Due to the random propagation of carrier molecules, inter-symbol interference (ISI) is a major issue in an MCvD system. Alongside ISI, inter-link interference (ILI) is also an issue that increases the total interference for MCvD-based multiple-input-multipleoutput (MIMO) approaches. Inspired by the antenna index modulation (IM) concept in traditional communication systems, this paper introduces novel IM-based transmission schemes for MCvD systems. In the paper, molecular space shift keying (MSSK) is proposed as a novel modulation for molecular MIMO systems, and it is found that this method combats ISI and ILI considerably better than existing MIMO approaches. For nanomachines that have access to two different molecules, the direct extension of MSSK, quadrature molecular space shift keying (QMSSK) is also proposed. QMSSK is found to combat ISI considerably well whilst not performing well against ILI-caused errors. In order to combat ILI more effectively, another dualmolecule-based novel modulation scheme called the molecular spatial modulation (MSM) is proposed. Combined with the Gray mapping imposed on the antenna indices, MSM is observed to yield reliable error rates for molecular MIMO systems.

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confidence: 99%

Index Modulation for Molecular Communication via Diffusion Systems

Gursoy

Başar

Pusane

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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“…1. For implementation of the considered scenario, we assume that a transmitter can store (or generate) K types of information molecules for communicating with the K users, and the k-th spherical passive receiver or user u k is capable of recognizing and distinguishing a specific type of molecules via, such as the sensors attached with the receiver, where k = 1, 2, • • • , K. Different from the conventional multi-user or multiple-molecules MC systems [33][34][35][36][37][38][39], in this paper, we relax the assumption that all molecules have a common diffusion coefficient, even though this is reasonable for isomers. Instead, we assume that different types of molecules may have different diffusion coefficients.…”

Section: A System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the authors of [33] proposed the MDMA technique, which uses pheromone diversity to perform several simultaneous transmissions, sharing the same medium without interfering with each other. Following this idea, the authors of [34][35][36][37] also suggested to use different types of molecules or different receptors and associated molecules for each receiver connection to create orthogonal channels, so as to achieve multiple access among nano-machines. Among the schemes achieving multiple access, MDMA is generally recognized to be the most straightforward one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resource Allocation for Multiuser Molecular Communication Systems Oriented to the Internet of Medical Things

Chen

Wen

Chae

et al. 2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Communication between nano-machines is still an important topic in the construction of the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT). Currently, molecular communication (MC) is expected to be a promising technology to realize IoBNT. To effectively serve the IoBNT composed of multiple nano-machine clusters, it is imperative to study multiple-access MC. In this paper, based on the molecular division multiple access technology, we propose a novel multi-user MC system, where information molecules with different diffusion coefficients are first employed. Aiming at the user fairness in the considered system, we investigate the optimization of molecular resource allocation, including the assignment of the types of molecules and the number of molecules of a type. Specifically, three performance metrics are considered, namely, min-max fairness for error probability, max-min fairness for achievable rate, and weighted sum rate maximization. Moreover, we propose two assignment strategies for types of molecules, i.e., best-to-best (BTB) and best-to-worst (BTW). Subsequently, for a two-user scenario, we analytically derive the optimal allocation for the number of molecules when types of molecules are fixed for all users. By contrast, for a threeuser scenario, we prove that the BTB and BTW schemes with the optimal allocation for the number of molecules can provide the lower and upper bounds on system performance, respectively. Finally, numerical results show that the combination of BTW and the optimal allocation for the number of molecules yields better performance than the benchmarks.

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“…Stemming from the complexity of such an operation, various performance metrics including signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) [24], signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) [25], and signal-to-interference difference (SID) [15] have been proposed in the literature. Inspired by the existence of a correlation between BER and the ratio between a molecular signal's mean and standard deviation [26], we propose an alternative performance metric to evaluate the signal quality in this work. We have named the metric signal-to-interferenceand-noise amplitude ratio (SINAR) and defined it as…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Study and Analysis of Diffusive Molecular Communications With an Apertured Plane

Gursoy

Yilmaz

Pusane

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans.on Nanobioscience

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Molecular communication via diffusion (MCvD) is a method of achieving nano-and micro-scale connectivity by utilizing the free diffusion mechanism of information molecules. The randomness in diffusive propagation is the main cause of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and the limiting factor of high data rate MCvD applications. In this paper, an apertured plane is considered between the transmitter and the receiver of an MCvD link. Either after being artificially placed or occuring naturally, surfaces or volumes that resemble an apertured plane only allow a fraction of the molecules to pass. Contrary to intuition, it is observed that such topology may improve communication performance, given the molecules that can pass through the aperture are the ones that take more directed paths towards the receiver. Furthermore, through both computer simulations and a theoretical cost function named signal-to-interference and noise amplitude ratio (SINAR), it is found that the size of the aperture imposes a trade-off between the received signal power and the ISI combating capability of an MCvD system, hinting to an optimal aperture size that minimizes the bit error rate (BER). In addition, it is shown that the optimal aperture size is affected by the location of the aperture and the bit rate. Lastly, the paper analyzes the effects of a radial offset in the placement of the apertured plane, and finds that a reduction in BER is still in effect up to a certain offset value. Overall, our results imply that apertured plane-like surfaces may actually help communication efficiency, even though they reduce the received signal power.Index Terms-Molecular communication via diffusion, nanonetworks, apertured plane, inter-symbol interference, bit error rate.

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Molecule-as-a-frame: A frame based communication approach for nanonetworks

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Index Modulation for Molecular Communication via Diffusion Systems

Index Modulation for Molecular Communication via Diffusion Systems

Resource Allocation for Multiuser Molecular Communication Systems Oriented to the Internet of Medical Things

Simulation Study and Analysis of Diffusive Molecular Communications With an Apertured Plane

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