Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) Based Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Endosulfan Pesticide

Abstract

The use of endosulfan pesticides in agriculture can cause environmental problems, such as pollution in aquatic environments that can lead to the destruction of fishery resources and drinking water. So, it has become imperative to detect and separate the hazardous pesticide endosulfan from contaminated water. In this work, molecularly imprinted membrane has been fabricated for the specific recognition by using methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the molecular imprinting of endosulfan on membrane matrix. Sensing of the endosulfan by voltammetry followed this. The electrochemical potential is additional information enhancing the selectivity of the sensor. It can be concluded that MIP-based voltammetric sensors are very promising analytical tool for the development of highly selective analytical sensor. The test results of electrode performance indicated that MIP endosulfanbased aluminum-carbon sensor had a detection limit of 0.02 mM, sensitive in the concentration range from 0.02 to 0.12 mM with Nernst factor > 0.059 V/decade and had good stability.

Electrocatalysis of Endosulfan Based on Fe3O4: An Experimental and Computational Approach

“…The limit of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) for EDS were 3.3 and 11 μM based on and , respectively, where s is the standard deviation of the intercept of the y -coordinates from the line of the best fit of the calibration plot (Figure b) and m is the slope of the same line. The LoD compared well with that of the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and antimony polyaniline single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite (Sb 2 ONP-PANI-SWCNT)-modified electrodes (20, 6.8 μM, respectively). , …”

“…The organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (EDS) (Figure a) is used as part of a crop production strategy to control insects, termites, and any other pests that may reduce yields. − Figure b,c shows that EDS is commercially available in mixtures of isomers and is considered an organic pollutant because it bioaccumulates. EDS is probably carcinogenic, based on EPA guidelines, and acutely toxic according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).…”

“…In addition to birth defects, respiratory failure, biochemical instability, kidney, hepatic, and cardiac toxicities with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, tremors, and hypotension. EDS can also cause birth defects and respiratory failure. ,,, Moreover, the discharge of EDS into fresh and groundwater as spray drifts and runoffs and its presence in food pose concerns since it can pose risks to humans and other organisms if inhaled, absorbed, and ingested from diverse sources of food chains. , Monitoring endosulfan residues in water, soil, and food is crucial for maintaining public health and the health of ecosystems. Various analytical techniques have been used for EDS detection, including chromatography, − immunosensors, and electrochemical sensors. ,,,, Compared to chromatographic methods, immunosensors are uneconomical with poor sensitivity and specificity as a result of the cost and denaturation of enzymes and require expertise, large samples, and a long time to perform .…”

“…EDS can also cause birth defects and respiratory failure. 1,2,8,9 Moreover, the discharge of EDS into fresh and groundwater as spray drifts and runoffs and its presence in food pose concerns since it can pose risks to humans and other organisms if inhaled, absorbed, and ingested from diverse sources of food chains. 1,2 Monitoring endosulfan residues in water, soil, and food is crucial for maintaining public health and the health of ecosystems.…”

Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides and Heavy Metal Toxicants in Water: Recent Trends and Progress

“…In addition to immunosensors, both MIP and aptamer biosensors are showing promise as reliable affinity biosensors for pesticide detection. − MIPs are biomimetic synthetic receptors, containing specific cavities for target molecules that are generated through the reaction of template molecules, functional monomers, and cross-linking reagents . Both aptamer- and MIP-based biosensors have several advantages, including high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, flexibility, and low cost. ,, Further information concerning MIP- and aptamer-based biosensors can be found in the recent excellent works of Gui et al and Nguyen et al…”