NiO nanostructures based functional none-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive determination of endosulfan in vegetables

Electrocatalysis of Endosulfan Based on Fe3O4: An Experimental and Computational Approach

“…The CV results demonstrated that EDS displayed a capacitive current for GCE/f-MWCNT and an irreversible oxidation behavior at 0.39 V for the GCE/f-MWCNT/Fe 3 O 4 electrode. This result is similar to the potential (0.4 V) at which endosulfan was reported in the literature . Furthermore, our comparative results suggest that the oxidation at the GCE/f-MWCNT/Fe 3 O 4 electrode could be attributed to the electronic conductivity and reactivity of Fe 3 O 4 , enhanced by the presence of f-MWCNT.…”

“…The organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (EDS) (Figure a) is used as part of a crop production strategy to control insects, termites, and any other pests that may reduce yields. − Figure b,c shows that EDS is commercially available in mixtures of isomers and is considered an organic pollutant because it bioaccumulates. EDS is probably carcinogenic, based on EPA guidelines, and acutely toxic according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).…”

“…In addition to birth defects, respiratory failure, biochemical instability, kidney, hepatic, and cardiac toxicities with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, tremors, and hypotension. EDS can also cause birth defects and respiratory failure. ,,, Moreover, the discharge of EDS into fresh and groundwater as spray drifts and runoffs and its presence in food pose concerns since it can pose risks to humans and other organisms if inhaled, absorbed, and ingested from diverse sources of food chains. , Monitoring endosulfan residues in water, soil, and food is crucial for maintaining public health and the health of ecosystems. Various analytical techniques have been used for EDS detection, including chromatography, − immunosensors, and electrochemical sensors. ,,,, Compared to chromatographic methods, immunosensors are uneconomical with poor sensitivity and specificity as a result of the cost and denaturation of enzymes and require expertise, large samples, and a long time to perform .…”

Exploring electrocatalytic proficiencies of CuO nanostructure for simultaneous determination of bentazone and mexacarbate pesticides

“…In EIS measurements, the semi-circle curve of Nyquist plot is monitored to check charge transfer resistance or kinetics of sensors. The Nyquist plot with broader semi-circle curve resists the charge transfer kinetics and those of narrower semicircle favors the electron transfers mechanism of electrodes (Amanulla et al 2021;Bakhsh et al 2021;Fal et al 2016;Fuku et al 2018;Kaviyarasu et al 2015;Rathnakumar et al 2019). Herein, the bare electrode exhibits broader curve while the modified electrode shows narrower curve that evidenced the high conductive behavior and maximum electron transfer kinetics of modified electrode.…”

“…Nonetheless, the solution for the certain drawbacks of electrochemical methods could easily be achieved by modifying the sensing probes with several catalytic and conductive materials which not only improve the detection process but effectively enhance the electron transfer kinetics (Arduini et al 2016;Buledi et al 2020b;Buledi et al 2020c;Chen and Chatterjee 2013;Hashemi et al 2019;Viswanathan and Manisankar 2015). For making the sensing probes more sensitive, reliable and to enhance the electrocatalytic proficiencies of electrodes, different metal oxide nanoparticles are being utilized for the modification of electrodes (Bakhsh et al 2021;Buledi et al 2020a;Khairy et al 2018;Khand et al 2021;Lavanya et al 2018;Memon et al 2020;Pato et al 2020;Sanghavi and Srivastava 2013). Amongst the different metal oxide nanoparticles CuO nanostructures have been widely exploited in different applications such as supercapacitors, electrochemical sensor, adsorption and degradation (Cheng et al 2014;Wang et al 2018;Yang et al 2019;Zhang et al 2013).…”