Molecularly Imprinted Chitosan-Based Thin Films with Selectivity for Nicotine Derivatives for Application as a Bio-Sensor and Filter

Abstract

This study reports the feasible use of chitosan as a thin film biosensor on the very sensitive quartz crystal micro balance system for detection of blends of multiple templates within a single matrix. The development of chitosan-based thin film materials with selectivity for nicotine derivatives is described. The molecular imprinting of a combination of nicotine derivatives in N-diacryloyl pipiradine-chitosan-methacrylic acid copolymer films on quartz crystal resonators was used to generate thin films with selectivity for nicotine and a range of nicotine analogues, particularly 3-phenylpyridine. The polymers were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic evaluations; surface area, pore size, pore volume using Breuner-Emmet-Teller method. Temperature characteristics were also studied. The swelling and structure consistency of the Chitosan was achieved by grafting with methylmethacrylic acid and cross-linking with N-diacrylol pipiradine. A blend of 0.002 g (0.04 mmol) of Chitosan, 8.5 μL Methylmethacrylic Acid and 1.0 mg N-diacrylol pipradine (BAP) presented the best blend formulation. Detections were made within a time interval of 99 sec, and blend templates were detected at a concentration of 0.5 mM from the Quartz crystal microbalance resonator analysis. The successful crosslinking of the biopolymers ensured successful control of the swelling and agglomeration of the chitosan, giving it the utility potential for use as thin film sensor. This successful crosslinking also created successful dual multiple templating on the chitosan matrix, even for aerosolized templates. The products can be used in environments with temperature ranges between 60 °C and 250 °C.

Chitosan and Carrageenan‐Based Biocompatible Hydrogel Platforms for Cosmeceutical, Drug Delivery, and Biomedical Applications

“…Hydrogels are versatile in their applications in different fields like industry, [ 60 ] removal of metal ions, [ 61,62 ] absorption of dyes, [ 63 ] controlled released devices in agriculture, [ 64 ] diaper industry, [ 65 ] biosensors, [ 66 ] growth nurseries, [ 67 ] water proofing, [ 68 ] solar steam generation, [ 69 ] 3D printing, [ 70 ] permeable membranes, [ 71 ] and hygiene products. [ 72 ] In biomedical field, hydrogels are employed in drug delivery, [ 73 ] wound dressing, [ 74 ] actuator, [ 75 ] contact lenses, [ 76 ] artificial blood vessels, [ 77 ] immuno‐modulation, [ 78 ] cell encapsulation, [ 79 ] surgical adhesives, [ 80 ] regenerative medicines, [ 81 ] and wound healing applications.…”

Chitosan Film Sensor for Ammonia Detection in Microdiffusion Analytical Devices

“…Chitosan films have been loaded with organic and inorganic compounds for producing biopolymeric sensors, useful tools for onsite screening [9][10][11], semi-quantitative analysis [12][13][14] and intelligent packaging [15][16][17]. Especially in the field of food preservation and monitoring, different pH indicators have been loaded into chitosan-based matrices [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Design of imprinting matrix for dual template sensing via electropolymerized polythiophene films

“…Recently, imprinting fraternity extended this methodology for double or multiple templates on a single imprinting matrix. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Many advantages are foreseen in principle for such dual/multi-template imprinting like simultaneous extraction, lower solvent consumption, cost-effectiveness, short analysis time, etc, are few of them. Fluoroquinilones, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were imprinted simultaneously and showed better selectivity than polymeric matrix imprinted with individual templates.…”

“…Conventionally, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), a synthetic analogue of biorecognition elements, such as enzyme‐substrate, antigen‐antibody, etc, are synthesized for a single template (molecule/macromolecule/virus/bacteria, etc). Recently, imprinting fraternity extended this methodology for double or multiple templates on a single imprinting matrix 1‐10 . Many advantages are foreseen in principle for such dual/multi‐template imprinting like simultaneous extraction, lower solvent consumption, cost‐effectiveness, short analysis time, etc, are few of them.…”