Molecular Variation within and among Species of Harpellales

Gottlieb, Alexandra M.; Lichtwardt, Robert W.

doi:10.2307/3761606

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Since then, the trichomycetes (in non-taxonomic, lowercase form) have been recognized by some as an ecological group with two fungal orders-the Asellariales and Harpellales (Lichtwardt 1978, Moss and Young 1978, Cafaro 2005. Although not included in this study, the Asellariales, with three genera and 14 species, is one of the key missing lineages among phylogenetic studies of early-diverging fungi (Lichtwardt et al 2001). Hereafter, the focus is within the Harpellales, with all but one genus (White 1999) that live nearly exclusively in the digestive tracts of immature aquatic insects, worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The class Trichomycetes was established by Manier and Lichtwardt (1968) with four orders of hair-like endosymbionts (Harpellales, Asellariales Manier ex Manier & Lichtw., Amoebidiales L. Léger & Duboscq and Eccrinales), all associated with various Arthropoda (Lichtwardt 1986, Lichtwardt et al 2001). Lichtwardt's (1951Lichtwardt's ( , 1954 early work was on the Eccrinales, but later his focus was on the Harpellales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, about 80% of all axenic isolates are species of Smittium R.A. Poiss., which accounts for about 40% of the species of this genus (Lichtwardt et al 2001). Many of those isolates have proven to be fruitful for in vitro studies (see below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is true whether considering the various morphological and physiological adaptations that accommodate the day to day challenges of maintaining a gut-dwelling residence or the obvious success they have had in evolving, with some degree of host specificity, for millions of years (Lichtwardt et al 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sexual spore or zygospore is biconical to fusiform and attached obliquely and submedially to the subtending zygosporophore. Detached zygospores, where known, also have a collar and a single appendage (Lichtwardt et al 2001). Other, putatively closely related taxa from Diptera hindguts are known, but differ either in the nature of the conjugation (Furculomyces Lichtw.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of 75 years ofSmittiumresearch, establishing a new genus forSmittium culisetae, and prospects for future revisions of the ‘Smittium’ clade

et al. 2013

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Abstract:The Harpellales includes 38 genera of endosymbiotic microfungi associated with various Arthropoda. Smittium, the second genus to be described, is now also the most species rich of the order. Species of Smittium inhabit the digestive tracts of larval aquatic insects, especially lower Diptera, worldwide. During the 75 y since the type, Smittium arvernense, was described a number of advances in our understanding of the gut fungi have unfolded, in whole or in part, with Smittium as a model for the fungal trichomycetes. This in part relates to the high number of successful isolation attempts, with about 40% of known species having been cultured, a total number that far exceeds any other genus of gut fungus. Many isolates of Smittium have been used in laboratory studies for ultrastructural, physiological, host feeding, serological, as well as isozyme, and now ongoing molecular systematic studies. Molecular studies have shown that Smittium is polyphyletic but with consistent separation of Smittium culisetae, one of the most common and widespread species, from the remainder of Smittium. A brief overview of Smittium research is provided. Zygospore and trichospore morphology and molecular evidence (immunological, isozyme, DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyses) are used to establish Zancudomyces and to accommodate Smittium culisetae. For the latter evidence, we include the first two-gene phylogenetic analysis, using combined 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequence data to show a cluster of Zancudomyces culisetae separate from Smittium. As the broadest taxon sampling of Smittium to date, this also serves a molecular systematic update toward revisionary syntheses of this and other Harpellales taxa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%