Trichomycetes and the Arthropod Gut

Lichtwardt, Robert W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79307-6_1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Yet their absence in some specimens might indicate that these fungi are not obligate symbionts. Although resident fungi are generally considered pathogens in marine invertebrates (López Lastra 1990;Lichtwardt 1996;Alencar et al 2003), complex digestive symbioses have been described between cellulase-producing fungi and arthropods (Martin 1992;Kimura et al 2002). An example of digestive symbiosis is found in the squat lobster Munidopsis subsquamosa from hydrothermal vents, which hosts a trichomycete in the foregut.…”

Section: Role Of the Resident Gut Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood-based diet and gut microflora of a galatheid crab associated with Pacific deep-sea wood falls

et al. 2009

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Wood falls in the deep sea have recently become the focus of studies showing their importance as nutrients on the deep-sea Xoor. In such environments, Crustaceans constitute numerically the second-largest group after Mollusks. Many questions have arisen regarding their trophic role therein. A careful examination of the feeding appendages, gut contents, and gut lining of Munidopsis andamanica caught with wood falls revealed this species as a truly original detritivorous species using wood and the bioWlm covering it as two main food sources. Comparing individuals from other geographic areas from substrates not reported highlights the galatheid crab as specialist of refractory substrates, especially vegetal remains. M. andamanica also exhibits a resident gut microXora consisting of bacteria and fungi possibly involved in the digestion of wood fragments. The results suggest that Crustaceans could be fullXedged actors in the food chains of sunken-wood ecosystems and that feeding habits of some squat lobsters could be diVerent than scavenging.

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Section: Role Of the Resident Gut Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood-based diet and gut microflora of a galatheid crab associated with Pacific deep-sea wood falls

et al. 2009

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“…It is therefore likely, though not yet shown, that this is also their role in millipedes. Lastly, Eccrinales, a protist order formally considered fungi and grouped together as Trichomycetes, are commonly found in many (but not all) millipedes and are considered a regular, non-pathogenic part of the gut microbiome [105]. In our dataset, they were only found as single or double very rare contigs (under 0.2% of the Eukaryotic abundance) and were absent in the metatranscriptome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Functional similarity, despite taxonomical divergence in the millipede gut microbiota, points to a common trophic strategy

Nweze,

Šustr,

Brune

et al. 2024

Microbiome

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Background Many arthropods rely on their gut microbiome to digest plant material, which is often low in nitrogen but high in complex polysaccharides. Detritivores, such as millipedes, live on a particularly poor diet, but the identity and nutritional contribution of their microbiome are largely unknown. In this study, the hindgut microbiota of the tropical millipede Epibolus pulchripes (large, methane emitting) and the temperate millipede Glomeris connexa (small, non-methane emitting), fed on an identical diet, were studied using comparative metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Results The results showed that the microbial load in E. pulchripes is much higher and more diverse than in G. connexa. The microbial communities of the two species differed significantly, with Bacteroidota dominating the hindguts of E. pulchripes and Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota) in G. connexa. Despite equal sequencing effort, de novo assembly and binning recovered 282 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from E. pulchripes and 33 from G. connexa, including 90 novel bacterial taxa (81 in E. pulchripes and 9 in G. connexa). However, despite this taxonomic divergence, most of the functions, including carbohydrate hydrolysis, sulfate reduction, and nitrogen cycling, were common to the two species. Members of the Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) were the primary agents of complex carbon degradation in E. pulchripes, while members of Proteobacteria dominated in G. connexa. Members of Desulfobacterota were the potential sulfate-reducing bacteria in E. pulchripes. The capacity for dissimilatory nitrate reduction was found in Actinobacteriota (E. pulchripes) and Proteobacteria (both species), but only Proteobacteria possessed the capacity for denitrification (both species). In contrast, some functions were only found in E. pulchripes. These include reductive acetogenesis, found in members of Desulfobacterota and Firmicutes (Bacillota) in E. pulchripes. Also, diazotrophs were only found in E. pulchripes, with a few members of the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria expressing the nifH gene. Interestingly, fungal-cell-wall-degrading glycoside hydrolases (GHs) were among the most abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) expressed in both millipede species, suggesting that fungal biomass plays an important role in the millipede diet. Conclusions Overall, these results provide detailed insights into the genomic capabilities of the microbial community in the hindgut of millipedes and shed light on the ecophysiology of these essential detritivores.

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Bioremediation of chlorpyrifos residues using some indigenous species of bacteria and fungi in wastewater

Elzakey,

El-Sabbagh,

Eldeen

et al. 2023

Environ Monit Assess

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Pollutants cause a huge problem for humans, animals, plants, and various ecosystems, especially water resources. Agricultural, domestic, and industrial waste effluents change the water quality and affect living microorganisms. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify possible microorganisms in wastewater as potential bioremediation agents of pesticide residues. Wastewater samples were collected from El-Khairy agricultural drainage, which receives agricultural and domestic wastes. Bacteria and fungi species were isolated as clean cultures. Wastewater samples were analyzed for pesticide residues via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) system. Results uncovered the presence of ten pesticides ranging from 0.0817 to 28.162 µg/l, and the predominant pesticide was chlorpyrifos. Along with that, about nine species (3 bacterial and 6 fungal) were relatively efficient in the removal of chlorpyrifos residues up to 2000 µg/l with removal percentages ranging from 24.16 to 80.93% under laboratory conditions. Two bacterial isolates proficiently degraded significant amounts of chlorpyrifos: Bacillus cereus strain PC2 (GenBank accession No. MZ314010) and Streptomyces praecox strain SP1 (GenBank accession No. MZ314009). In-site bacterial and fungal isolates defined in the current study were proficient in cleaning wastewater of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues.

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Trichomycetes and the Arthropod Gut

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Wood-based diet and gut microflora of a galatheid crab associated with Pacific deep-sea wood falls

Wood-based diet and gut microflora of a galatheid crab associated with Pacific deep-sea wood falls

Functional similarity, despite taxonomical divergence in the millipede gut microbiota, points to a common trophic strategy

Bioremediation of chlorpyrifos residues using some indigenous species of bacteria and fungi in wastewater

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