Molecular Survey ofAnaplasmaandEhrlichiaof Red Deer and Sika Deer in Gansu, China in 2013

Abstract

Anaplasma and Ehrlichia are important emerging tick-borne pathogens in both humans and animals. Here, we conducted a molecular surveillance study in Gansu, China to assess the prevalence of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. in red deer and sika deer based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and sequencing of 16S rRNA or msp genes. PCR revealed that the prevalence of Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma platys of the Qilian Mountain samples was 32%, 9% and 9%, respectively; the prevalence of Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma platys was 20%, 15% and 15% among the Long Mountain samples, respectively. Of the Long Mountain samples, two (5%) of the 40 samples were positive for Ehrlichia canis, but all 44 of the Qilian Mountain samples were negative for E. canis, and no other Anaplasma or Ehrlichia spp. were found in the samples. The phylogenetic tree showed that the newly isolated Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. could be classified as belonging to four clades, including an A. bovis cluster, A. ovis cluster, A. platys cluster and E. canis cluster. In addition, Bartonella schoenbuchensis was firstly identified in blood samples from red deer in Gansu, China. Our results provide important data to increase the understanding of the epidemiology of anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis of red deer and sika deer and will assist with the implementation of measures to control anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis transmission to red deer, sika deer and other animals in Gansu, China.

First detection on prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in sheep and goat in Karak District, Pakistan

“…Furthermore, among all the risk factors associated, tick presence and unhygienic condition were highly associated with infection as shown by coefficient of correlation (Table 2). Indirect ELISA Real-time PCR [2,8,[16][17][18]. In small ruminants, the overall prevalence rate was 33.87%…”

Molecular Detection and Characterization of Zoonotic and Veterinary Pathogens in Ticks from Northeastern China

“…Several species of Anaplasma , including A. phagocytophilum , A. bovis , A. marginale , and A. ovis , have been described in China (Li et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2016). A. phagocytophilum is considered as an emerging human pathogen of public health importance, which is naturally maintained in tick-mammal cycles, and has been found in sheep, goats, cattle, rabbits, and rodents (Jin et al, 2012).…”

“…Other species that infect animals include A. marginale , Anaplasma centrale , A. ovis , E. canis , and Ehrlichia minasensis (Wen et al, 2003; Kocan et al, 2015; Cabezas-Cruz et al, 2016). Several species have been described in China, such as A. ovis , Anaplasma bovis , and A. platys in Gansu province (Li et al, 2016), A. centrale and E. canis in Fujian province (Ge et al, 2016; Yu et al, 2016), and E. chaffeensis in Guangxi province (Yang et al, 2015b). In Asia, Ixodes persulcatus is considered the primary vector of A. phagocytophilum and E. muris (Jin et al, 2012; Ivanova et al, 2016).…”

Molecular Detection of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Ruminants from Twelve Provinces of China

“…marginale , and A. ovis have been described in various Provinces, including Xinjiang, Gansu, Henan, Yunnan, Hubei, Guizhou, and Zhejiang [1, 4–7]. In addition, A. phagocytophilum has been reported in ruminants (sheep and cattle) in Henan and Xinjiang as well as in dogs and ticks [1, 6–14], and A. platys has been detected in red deer and sika deer from Gansu province [4]. In the case of Ehrlichia spp.…”

“…In the case of Ehrlichia spp. in ruminants in China, an unclassified species has been reported in cattle in Tibet [15] and E. canis , a species that infects dogs worldwide, has been reported in sika deer from Gansu [4]. …”