First detection on prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in sheep and goat in Karak District, Pakistan

Hussain, Mubashir; Junaid, Asif; Gul, Rukhsana; Jamal, Muhammad Ameen; Ahmed, Irfan; Talpur, Mir Zulqarnain; Rahim, Kashif; Fatima, Madiha; Munir, Shahzad

doi:10.12980/apjtd.7.2017d7-89

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…which is similar to previous findings in Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with 23.33% using cELISA [37]. However, the prevalence we estimated was slightly lower than those previously reported by Hussein et al [22] (56.25%) and by Shah et al [54] (40.7%) in Karak and Peshawar, respectively.…”

Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The PCR results revealed in sheep and goats an Anaplasma ovis prevalence rate of 16.0, 21.0, 24.0 and 26.0% for Shangla, Bajuar, Swat and Malakand districts, respectively. These prevalences are lower than those reported from Turkey (71.32%) and Pakistan (56.25%) [6,22], but higher than those reported in China (11.7%) and the United States (14%) in sheep [18,42]. Similarly, higher molecular Anaplasma prevalences have been reported in Iranian goats (38.9%) [44] and (63.7%) [2].…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 80%

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Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan

et al. 2021

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This study was conducted in four districts (Malakand, Swat, Bajaur and Shangla) of Northern Pakistan to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors and phylogenetic analyses of Theileria and Anaplasma species in small ruminants. A total of 800 blood samples, 200 from each district, were collected from apparently healthy animals. PCR assays were performed using generic primers for Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. as well as species specific primers for A. ovis and T. ovis. Overall infection prevalence was 361/800 (45.1%). Theileria spp. infection prevalence (187/800, 23.3%) was higher than Anaplasma spp. (174/800, 21.7%). Amplified partial 18S rRNA genes were sequenced and enrolled animals were found to be infected by T. ovis (115/800, 14.3%), and at least two more Theileria species (72/800, 9%) were present (T. lestoquardi and T. annulata). All blood samples that were found to be positive for Anaplasma spp. were also positive for A. ovis. Infection prevalence was higher in sheep (227/361, 28.3%) compared to goats (134/361, 16.6%) (p < 0.005). Univariable analysis of risk factors showed that host, age, grazing system and acaricide treatment were significant determinants (p < 0.05) for both Theileria and Anaplasma infections. Multivariable analysis revealed that host, sex, age, tick infestation and grazing system were significant risk factors (p < 0.005) for both pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed variants among the A. ovis and T. annulata samples analysed, indicating that different genotypes are circulating in the field while T. ovis presented the same genotype for the samples analysed.

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Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 80%

Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…The most clinical signs which observed by clinical examination on infected sheep were agreed with Ayyz et al (15). Microscopic examination it's insufficient to detect the low level of Anaplasma infection (18)(19)(20), so that molecular methods used for detecting the undetected cases of infected animals (21,22). Using of the PCR technique for more specific and sensitive detecting of minimum level of Anaplasma in infected animals (23)(24)(25)(26).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Major-surface-protein-4-gene-based detection of Anaplasma marginale isolated from sheep in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq

Klaif¹,

Abid²,

Alfatlawi³

et al. 2021

IJVS

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This study was purposed for confirming detection and typing of Anaplasma spp in infected sheep from Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq. Sampling of 50 blood specimens was performed from clinically-identified infection of anaplasmosis. The samples of the blood were subjected to DNA extraction followed by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based detection of the Anaplasma marginale using major surface protein (MSP4) gene. The results have shown that 8 blood samples were infected with A. marginale. The PCR-based identification has revealed a confirmative identification of the Anaplasma marginale in the infected sheep. The study identifies Anaplasma marginale as a member of infectious agents that affect sheep in the study city.

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“…To date, a total of 12 studies (Punjab = 3; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa = 8; Sindh = 1) has reported the occurrence of three Anaplasma species ( A. ovis , A. marginale and A. centrale ) in small ruminants ( n = 10) [ 29 , 87 , 98 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ] and ticks ( n = 2) [ 22 , 86 ] from Pakistan (see Table 4 ). Based on these studies, the estimated overall prevalence of anaplasmosis in Pakistani small ruminants are 1.7–55.3% and 25.3–47.2% using microscopic and molecular methods, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) ( Anaplasma , Babesia and Theileria spp.) in small ruminants from various parts of Pakistan [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Recently, using a high-throughput microfluidic technique, a broad spectrum of microorganisms in ticks collected from sheep and goats in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan were reported [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDis) are a major constraint to the health and production of small ruminants in Pakistan. Despite being the subject of intermittent studies over the past few decades, comprehensive information on the epidemiology and control of TTBDis is lacking. Herein, we have systematically reviewed the current knowledge on TTBDis of small ruminants in Pakistan. Critical appraisal of the selected 71 articles published between 1947 to 2020 revealed that morphological examination had been the most widely used method for the identification of TTBDis in Pakistan. Tick fauna comprise at least 40 species, mainly belonging to Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. The prevalence of ticks is the highest in summer (June–September) and it is also higher in goats than sheep. Anaplasma, Babesia and Theileria spp. are the major tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), and their prevalence is usually higher in sheep than goats. Spatio-temporal distribution, genetic diversity and control of ticks and TBPs of small ruminants as well as the competence of tick vectors for various TBPs remain to be explored. Therefore, coordinated and focused investigations are required to fill knowledge gaps in these areas to maximise the health, production and welfare of small ruminants and minimise economic losses associated with TTBDis in Pakistan.

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First detection on prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in sheep and goat in Karak District, Pakistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan

Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan

Major-surface-protein-4-gene-based detection of Anaplasma marginale isolated from sheep in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

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