Molecular survey of Cytomegalovirus shedding profile in commercial pig herds in Brazil

Dutra, Maurício Cabral; Moreno, Luisa Zanolli; Amigo, Cristina Román; Felizardo, Maria Roberta; Ferreira, Tiago Osório; Coutinho, Tania Alen; Sanches, A.A.; Galvis, Jason A.; Moreno, María Alejandra; Moreno, Andréa Micke

doi:10.3855/jidc.7367

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…PCMV/PRV is widely distributed in pig populations world-wide [11][12][13] . In a random sampling from a German slaughterhouse nearly all animals were tested positive 14 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How, where and when to screen for porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in donor pigs for xenotransplantation

Halecker

Hansen

Krabben

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), that is actually a porcine roseolovirus (PRV), is a common herpesvirus in domestic pigs and wild boars. In xenotransplantation, PCMV/PRV has been shown to significantly reduce the survival time of pig kidneys and hearts in preclinical trials with different non-human primates. Furthermore, PCMV/PRV has been transmitted in the first pig to human heart xenotransplantation and contributed to the death of the patient. Although transmitted to the recipient, there is no evidence that PCMV/PRV can infect primate cells including human cells. PCMV/PRV is closely related to the human herpesviruses 6 and 7, and only distantly related to the human CMV (HCMV). Antiviral drugs used for the treatment of HCMV are less effective against PCMV/PRV. However, there are well described strategies to eliminate the virus from pig facilities. In order to detect the virus and to eliminate it, highly sensitive detection methods and the knowledge of how, where and when to screen the donor pigs is required. Here, a comparative testing of organs from pigs of different ages using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and immunological methods was performed. Testing young piglets, PCMV/PRV was detected effectively by PCR in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, tonsils and heart. In adult animals, detection by PCR was not successful in most cases, because the virus load was below the detection limit or the virus was in its latent stage. Therefore, detection of antibodies against selected recombinant proteins corresponding to epitopes detected by nearly all infected animals in a Western blot assay is advantageous. By contrast, immunological testing is not beneficial in young animals as piglets might have PCMV/PRV-specific antibodies obtained from their infected mother via the colostrum. Using a thoughtful combination of PCR-based and immunological methods, detection of PCMV/PRV in donor pigs for xenotransplantation is feasible and a controlled elimination of the virus by early weaning or other methods is possible.

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“…PCMV/PRV is widely distributed in pig populations world-wide [11][12][13] . In a random sampling from a German slaughterhouse nearly all animals were tested positive 14 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How, where and when to screen for porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in donor pigs for xenotransplantation

Halecker

Hansen

Krabben

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Wild boars can act as reservoirs for various bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can be transmitted to humans and domestic animals through direct contact, contaminated food, or environmental contamination [ 6 ]. Wild boars can act as reservoirs for PCMV; thus, free-ranging wild boar populations are increasingly considered to be a threat to the pig industry, as well as public health because of the potential effects of PCMV transmission in preclinical xenotransplantation [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Contrary to the established prevalence of PCMV in many countries in domestic pigs, the prevalence of PCMV in wild boar populations is poorly investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Porcine Cytomegalovirus, Porcine Parvovirus, Aujeszky Disease Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Wild Boars Hunted in Serbia during 2023

Jezdimirović,

Savić,

Milovanović

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) infection is widespread worldwide and has a high prevalence in swine herds, especially in countries with intensive swine production. PCMV is zoonotic and can impact xenotransplants. It is the third swine virus known to be zoonotic, following swine influenza virus (influenza A) and hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEVgt3 or HEV-3). Wild boars, serving as reservoirs for various pathogens, including PCMV, pose a risk to both the pig industry and public health. This study aimed to investigate PCMV infection in Serbian wild boars using real-time PCR and assess other viral infections. We also tested samples for the presence of other viral infections: Aujeszky disease virus (ADV), Porcine parvovirus (PPV) and Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (PRRSV). Samples from 50 wild boars across 3 districts were tested. Results showed 8% positivity for PCMV DNA, with females showing higher infection rates. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) was detected in 56% of samples, while Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was absent. ADV was found in 18% of samples, primarily in younger animals. This research contributes to understanding PCMV prevalence in Serbian wild boars and emphasizes the importance of monitoring viral infections in wild populations, considering the potential zoonotic and economic implications.

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“…Cytomegaly and intranuclear inclusions developed 11 to 14 days after inoculation [ 6 ]. Like HHV-6A, -6B, and 7 and another related roseolovirus, murine roseolovirus (MRV), PCMV/PRV is present throughout the world, and nearly 90% of the animals in some pig herds are infected [ 7 – 9 ]. Western blot assays detected PCMV/PRV-specific antibodies in most of the animals from a German slaughterhouse, indicating viral infection [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of porcine cytomegalovirus, a porcine roseolovirus, in wild boars in Italy and Germany

et al. 2023

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Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), a porcine roseolovirus (PRV) that is closely related to human herpesviruses 6 and 7, is commonly found in commercial pigs. PCMV/PRV is important in xenotransplantation, because in preclinical trials in which pig organs were transplanted into non-human primates, transmission of PCMV/PRV was shown to be associated with significantly reduced survival of the xenotransplants. PCMV/PRV was also transmitted in the first transplantation of a pig heart into a human patient worldwide and apparently contributed to the death of the patient. The prevalence of PCMV/PRV in wild boars is largely unknown. In this study, we screened wild boars from several areas of northern Italy and Germany to test for the presence of PCMV/PRV using PCR-based and Western blot assays. By Western blot analysis, 54% and 82% of Italian and German wild boars, respectively, were found to be PCMV/PRV positive, while 36% and 60%, respectively, tested positive by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These data indicate that the virus is common in German and Italian wild boars and that the Western blot assay detected a PCMV/PRV infection more often than did real-time PCR. The data also indicate that pigs raised for xenotransplantation should be protected from contact with materials from wild boars and commercial pigs.

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Molecular survey of Cytomegalovirus shedding profile in commercial pig herds in Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

How, where and when to screen for porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in donor pigs for xenotransplantation

How, where and when to screen for porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in donor pigs for xenotransplantation

Molecular Detection of Porcine Cytomegalovirus, Porcine Parvovirus, Aujeszky Disease Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Wild Boars Hunted in Serbia during 2023

Presence of porcine cytomegalovirus, a porcine roseolovirus, in wild boars in Italy and Germany

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