Molecular Subtyping of<i>Treponema pallidum</i>in an Arizona County with Increasing Syphilis Morbidity: Use of Specimens from Ulcers and Blood

Sutton, Madeline Y.; Liu, Hsi; Steiner, Bret; Pillay, Allan; Mickey, Thomas; Finelli, Lyn; Morse, Stephen; Markowitz, Lauri E.; Louis, Michael E. St.

doi:10.1086/320698

Cited by 76 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…More than half of the typeable specimens were 14f, which was detected in participants from four of the five clinics. The only other large-scale study of T. pallidum subtypes conducted in the United States was done in Maricopa County, Arizona (11). The age and gender distributions of the participants in both studies were similar; however, the Maricopa study population was predominately Hispanic while our study population was predominately African American.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Molecular Subtyping of Treponema pallidum from North and South Carolina

et al. 2005

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Patients from five clinics in North and South Carolina who had lesions suggestive of primary or secondary syphilis were evaluated using molecular techniques that allow the differentiation of Treponema pallidum strains on the basis of two variable genes, tpr and arp. Lesion samples were screened for the presence of T. pallidum DNA using PCR for polA, which represents a segment of the polymerase I gene that is unique to the spirochete. Twenty-seven of 154 lesion samples were found to contain T. pallidum, 23 of which had typeable DNA. Seven molecular subtypes were found (10f, 12f, 13f, 14f, 14g, 15f, and 16f); one to four subtypes were identified at each clinic. Subtype 14f was found in 52% of the typeable specimens and was distributed in four of the five clinics. Subtype 16f was found in 22% of specimens and was concentrated at one clinic. Further data are needed to define the role of this technique in examining the epidemiology of syphilis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Molecular Subtyping of Treponema pallidum from North and South Carolina

et al. 2005

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“…Thus, we believe 14d is the predominant subtype in Shanghai. Outside China, CDC subtype 14d is also the most common molecular type in Scotland, Canada, South Africa,s and Colombia, while 14f was found to be predominant in studies performed in Arizona, North Carolina, and South Carolina in the United States (1,4,5,7,11,16,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum: a 5-Year Surveillance in Shanghai, China

Dai

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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bPreviously, a small study showed that 14f was the predominant subtype of Treponema pallidum in Shanghai, China. The result was quite different from the genotype distribution in other areas of China. This study aimed to identify the strain types of Treponema pallidum in samples collected over a 5-year period in Shanghai. From 2007 to 2011, genital swabs were collected from patients with syphilis from the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital. Positive specimens were typed by the enhanced typing method by adding a tp0548 gene to the existing arp and tpr genotype system. In total, 304 of the 372 enrolled patients yielded fully typeable DNA. Ten arp types (4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 19), 3 tpr types (a, d, and o), and 5 tp0548 types (a, c, f, g, and i) were identified. In total, 12 subtypes were identified with a combination of the arp and tpr genes. Subtype 14d was found in 270 samples (88.8%). When the combination included the tp0548 gene, the 12 CDC subtypes identified were divided into 14 strain types. The predominant type was 14d/f (88.8%), followed by 15d/f (3.6%), 13d/f (1.3%), and 19d/c (1.3%). Two of the 44 14d/f-infected patients and both of the 19d/c-infected patients who underwent a lumbar puncture were diagnosed with neurosyphilis. This study showed that the predominant type in Shanghai was 14d/f. While this is in keeping with data from other areas in China, it is different from an earlier report showing that 14f is the most common genotype in Shanghai. Further studies are needed to better understand the association between strain types and neurosyphilis.

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“…T. pallidum subtypes with a range of 2 to 21 ARP repeats and 7 different RFLP patterns, designated a-g, have been described (126). This method for subtype designation has been applied to patient samples taken from chancres, condyloma lata, mouth scrapings, ear lobe scrapings, blood, CSF, and laboratory-passaged T. pallidum isolates from diverse geographic areas (126)(127)(128)(129)(130)(131)(132)(133)(134). Epidemiological studies of strain types in San Francisco and Seattle in the last decade showed that most are subtype 14d (123,135), which may suggest a linked sexual network, while other studies indicate variation in the distribution of predominant strain types by location in the United States and worldwide (refs.…”

Section: Molecular Strain Typing Of T Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease

Lukehart²

2011

J. Clin. Invest.

193

165

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Syphilis is a fascinating and perplexing infection, with protean clinical manifestations and both diagnostic and management ambiguities. Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the agent of syphilis, is challenging to study in part because it cannot be cultured or genetically manipulated. Here, we review recent progress in the application of modern molecular techniques to understanding the biological basis of this multistage disease and to the development of new tools for diagnosis, for predicting efficacy of treatment with alternative antibiotics, and for studying the transmission of infection through population networks.

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Molecular Subtyping ofTreponema pallidumin an Arizona County with Increasing Syphilis Morbidity: Use of Specimens from Ulcers and Blood

Cited by 76 publications

References 14 publications

Molecular Subtyping of Treponema pallidum from North and South Carolina

Molecular Subtyping of Treponema pallidum from North and South Carolina

Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum: a 5-Year Surveillance in Shanghai, China

Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease

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