Molecular studies to identify the Fusarium species responsible for HT-2 and T-2 mycotoxins in UK oats

Edwards, Simon; Imathiu, Samuel; Ray, Rumiana V.; Back, Matthew A.; Hare, M. C.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.03.020

Cited by 85 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A higher occurrence of F. langsethiae in Norwegian oats compared to spring wheat was also documented in the period 2002(Bernhoft et al, 2010. Furthermore, positive associations between HT-2 + T-2 and F. langsethiae, as detected in our study, are reported in several studies of oats from Northern Europe (Bernhoft et al, 2010;Edwards et al, 2012;Fredlund et al, 2010Fredlund et al, , 2013. Despite the high association detected between HT-2 + T-2 content and F. langsethiae DNA in oats in our study, the level of F. langsethiae could not account for more than 51% of the total variation in HT-2 + T-2.…”

Section: Fusarium Langsethiae and Associated Mycotoxinssupporting

confidence: 87%

Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

Hofgaard

Aamot

Torp

et al. 2016

WMJ

104

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During the last ten years, Norwegian cereal grain industry has experienced large challenges due to Fusarium spp. and Fusarium mycotoxin contamination of small-grained cereals. To prevent severely contaminated grain lots from entering the grain supply chain, it is important to establish surveys for the most prevalent Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins. The objective of our study was to quantify and calculate the associations between Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins prevalent in oats and spring wheat. In a 6-year period from 2004-2009, 178 grain samples of spring wheat and 289 samples of oats were collected from farmers' fields in South East Norway. The grains were analysed for 18 different Fusarium-mycotoxins by liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry. Generally, the median mycotoxin levels were higher than reported in Norwegian studies covering previous years. The DNA content of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium langsethiae, Fusarium poae and Fusarium avenaceum were determined by quantitative PCR. We identified F. graminearum as the main deoxynivalenol (DON) producer in oats and spring wheat, and F. langsethiae as the main HT-2 and T-2-toxins producer in oats. No association was observed between quantity of F. graminearum DNA and quantity of F. langsethiae DNA nor for their respective mycotoxins, in oats. F. avenaceum was one of the most prevalent Fusarium species in both oats and spring wheat. The following ranking of Fusarium species was made based on the DNA concentrations of the Fusarium spp. analysed in this survey (from high to low): F. graminearum = F. langsethiae = F. avenaceum > F. poae > F. culmorum (oats); F. graminearum = F. avenaceum > F. culmorum > F. poae = F. langsethiae (spring wheat). Our results are in agreement with recently published data indicating a shift in the relative prevalence of Fusarium species towards more F. graminearum versus F. culmorum in Norwegian oats and spring wheat.

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Section: Fusarium Langsethiae and Associated Mycotoxinssupporting

confidence: 87%

Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

Hofgaard

Aamot

Torp

et al. 2016

WMJ

104

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“…In contrast, a model developed to predict the risk of DON contamination in harvested oat grains in Norway included only three out of the eight weather variables examined in the period prior to flowering (Hjelkrem et al 2017). Fusarium langsethiae is regarded as the main HT2 + T2 producer in oats in both Norway and UK (Hofgaard et al 2016a;Edwards et al 2012), whereas F. graminearum is the most important DON producer in Norwegian oats (Hofgaard et al 2016a). The differences between the prediction models for HT2 + T2 versus DON contamination in oats may imply that the weather conditions critical for toxin development in oats differs between the HT2 + T2-producer F. langsethiae and the DON-producer F. graminearum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HT-2 and T-2 toxins in Norwegian oat grains related to weather conditions at different growth stages

et al. 2018

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High concentrations of the mycotoxins HT-2 and T-2 (HT2 + T2), primarily produced by Fusarium langsethiae, have occasionally been detected in Norwegian oat grains. In this study, we identified weather variables influencing accumulation of HT2 + T2 in Norwegian oat grains. Oat grain samples from farmers' fields were collected together with weather data (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013). Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated between the HT2 + T2 contamination in oats at harvest and a range of weather summarisations within estimated phenological windows of growth stages in oats (tillering, flowering etc.). Furthermore, we developed a mathematical model to predict the risk of HT2 + T2 in oat grains. Our data show that adequate predictions of the risk of HT2 + T2 in oat grains at harvest can be achieved, based upon weather data observed during the growing season. Humid and cool conditions, in addition to moderate temperatures during booting, were associated with increased HT2 + T2 accumulation in harvested oat grains, whereas warm and humid weather during stem elongation and inflorescence emergence, or cool weather and absence of rain during booting reduced the risk of HT2 + T2 accumulation. Warm and humid weather immediately after flowering increased the risk, while moderate to warm temperatures and absence of rain during dough development, reduced the risk of HT2 + T2 accumulation in oat grains. Our data indicated that HT2 + T2 contamination in oats is influenced by weather conditions both pre-and post-flowering. These findings are in contrast with a previous study examining the risk of deoxynivalenol contamination in oat reporting that toxin accumulation was mostly influenced by weather conditions from flowering onwards.

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“…2)). The identity of the isolates was confirmed by real-time PCR methodology detailed by Edwards et al (2013). The greatest challenge encountered in the isolation process was the fact that F. langsethiae was readily overgrown and outcompeted by faster growing fungi on the agar making it difficult to clearly see and effectively and efficiently isolate the fungus.…”

Section: Isolation Of F Langsethiae From the Grainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusarium langsethiae was identified by micro-and macro-morphology (Torp and Langseth, 1999;Torp and Nirenberg, 2004). The identity of the fungal isolates was confirmed by real-time PCR as described in Edwards et al (2013) using the fungal isolates DNA extracted using a rapid DNA extraction method modified from Walsh et al (1991). Mycelia of the fungal isolates were removed from the surface of PDA plate cultures using a sterilized scalpel and placed in 2.0-ml Eppendorf tubes into which 250 μl chelex carbon buffer (1 g chelex 100 and 0.25 g charcoal (granular 20-60 mesh activated) made up to 20 ml using distilled water) was added.…”

Section: Isolation Of F Langsethiae From Oat and Wheat Grainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusarium langsethiae, whose status as a small-grain cereal crop pathogen has not yet been agreed upon by researchers, is a confirmed toxigenic fungal species known to contaminate oats, wheat and barley with high levels of HT-2 and T-2 trichothecene mycotoxins in Central and Northern Europe (Yli-Mattila, 2010;Edwards et al, 2013;Imathiu et al, 2013). This fungus, which was formerly referred to as 'powdery F. poae' was first detailed in the 1990s as one whose spore morphology resembled that of F. poae (Torp and Langseth, 1999) and with a mycotoxin profile similar to that of F. sporotrichioides (Thrane et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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In vitro growth characteristics of Fusarium langsethiae isolates recovered from oats and wheat grain in the UK

Imathiu¹,

Ray²,

Back³

et al. 2016

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica

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Fusarium langsethiae is a fungus that has recently been implicated in the contamination of small-grain cereal crops such as oats, wheat and barley with high levels of HT-2 and T-2 toxins in many European countries. The epidemiology of this fungus is not well known and may therefore be a bigger problem than currently thought to be. A study was carried out investigating the in vitro growth characteristics of F. langsethiae isolates from contaminated oats and wheat at various temperatures; 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C. Results indicated similar growth trends of oats and wheat isolates of F. langsethiae. Wheat isolates grew significantly (p<0.001) faster than oat isolates although this difference may have been confounded by the age of cultures, with oat isolates collected one year earlier. The estimated optimum growth temperature for all isolates was 24 °C. Isolates were macro-morphologically categorized as having lobed or entire colony margins, and either possessing one of the following colony colours: white, orange or purple. Since the estimated optimum growth temperature of F. langsethiae is typical in temperate summers when small-grain cereals are flowering, it is possible that this species can infect, colonise and possibly contaminate the developing grains with HT-2 and T-2 toxins which are of food safety concern.

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Molecular studies to identify the Fusarium species responsible for HT-2 and T-2 mycotoxins in UK oats

Cited by 85 publications

References 34 publications

Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

Associations betweenFusarium species and mycotoxins in oats and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period

HT-2 and T-2 toxins in Norwegian oat grains related to weather conditions at different growth stages

In vitro growth characteristics of Fusarium langsethiae isolates recovered from oats and wheat grain in the UK

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