Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment 2013
DOI: 10.1002/9783527668502.ch10
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Molecular Scale Modeling of Membrane Water Treatment Processes

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Cited by 8 publications
(9 citation statements)
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References 136 publications
(210 reference statements)
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“…While there is no agreement in the peer-reviewed literature on whether the globular features in TEM images discussed here are voids or dense nodules [21], the features are significantly lighter in shade than the rest of the active layer when bright-field imaging is used [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], indicating that they have a lower electron density than the surrounding polymer. Therefore, these features are likely voids, instead of dense nodules, or correspond to regions of significantly lower polymer density.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 93%
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“…While there is no agreement in the peer-reviewed literature on whether the globular features in TEM images discussed here are voids or dense nodules [21], the features are significantly lighter in shade than the rest of the active layer when bright-field imaging is used [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], indicating that they have a lower electron density than the surrounding polymer. Therefore, these features are likely voids, instead of dense nodules, or correspond to regions of significantly lower polymer density.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Existing analytical, numerical and atomistic approaches for modeling the transport of water and solutes through RO/NF membranes [9,10,21,44,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] and active layer formation [21,44,[54][55][56] do not take into account the existence of voids. Therefore, future transport modeling efforts should evaluate the importance of the presence of voids in active layers (e.g., water/ solute partitioning events at polyamide-water interfaces at the voids walls, non-constant water/solute diffusion coefficients in the active layer), and active layer formation modeling efforts should target a more accurate active layer structure that includes the voids.…”
Section: Broad Implications On Ro/nf Science and Technologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The reverse osmosis and high-pressure nanofiltration membranes were popularly used for the treatment of water and desalination. The treatment process through these membrane systems was based on the solute transport by diffusion through the nonporous active layer of the membrane [14]. In this section, we outline some recent literatures on water filtration membranes used for the removal of viruses including SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater treatment plants.…”
Section: Membranes For Virus Removalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although several past experimental , and theoretical studies attempted to elucidate the rejection mechanisms of organics through RO, complex heterogeneous RO membrane properties and the interacting thermodynamic and kinetic contributions to the rejection mechanism have limited the ability to quantitatively predict those rejection efficiencies. The rejection of organics by nonporous dense RO membranes is explained by two major factors whose independent measurements are technically challenging: (1) solute–membrane interactions (i.e., thermodynamic properties) and (2) the diffusion of organic through the membrane active layer (i.e., kinetics properties) .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%