Molecular Recognition of C-Reactive Protein, Adiponectin and Zn²⁺in Serum Samples

Abstract

Three stochastic microsensors designed using matrices based on diamond, graphite and graphene decorated with Pt nanoparticles modified with 2,6-bis (E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-4-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-1yl) pyridine and protoporphyrin IX (PIX) were designed, characterized and validated for the assay of: C-reactive protein, adiponectin and Zn 2+ . The working concentration ranges were for C-reactive protein: 2.04 × 10 −8 -1.00mg/mL when the stochastic microsensor based on 2,6-bis (E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-4-4-(4,6,8trimethylazulen-1-1yl) pyridine and graphite was used, 8.20 × 10 −8 -0.52mg/mL when the stochastic microsensor based on 2,6-bis (E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-4-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-1yl) pyridine and diamond paste was used, 1.64 × 10 −8 -0.41mg/mL when the stochastic microsensor based on protoporphyrin IX and graphene decorated with Pt nanoparticles was used, for adiponectin 2.50 × 10 −8 -1.00μg/mL when the stochastic microsensor based on 2,6-bis (E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-4-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-1yl) pyridine and graphite was used, 2.50 × 10 −8 -0.25μg/mL when the stochastic microsensor based on 2,6-bis (E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-4-4-(4,6,8trimethylazulen-1-1yl) pyridine and diamond paste was used, 2.50 × 10 −8 -0.25μg/mL when the stochastic microsensor based on protoporphyrin IX and graphene decorated with Pt nanoparticles was used, and for Zn 2+ : 1.36 × 10 −10 -1.00μg/mL when the stochastic microsensor based on 2,6-bis (E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-4-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-1yl) pyridine and graphite was used, 1.36 × 10 −8 -1.00μg/mL when the stochastic microsensor based on 2,6-bis (E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-4-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-1yl) pyridine and diamond paste was used, 1.36 × 10 −8 -1.00μg/mL when the stochastic microsensor based on protoporphyrin IX and graphene decorated with Pt nanoparticles was used. Very low limits of determination were recorded. The sensitivities of all tested stochastic microsensors were very high. The validation of the screening method for serum samples was done, high accuracy and precision being recorded.

Nanocarbon Materials Modified with the Zinc Complex of Protoporphyrin IX, Recognized Antibiotics in Water Samples

“…Stochastic sensors can be reliable used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis . The stochastic method does not need any processing of sample before analysis, the results are not influenced by the complexity of the method, it is cost effective, and can be used for multianalyte assay at very low concentrations, in very complex matrices.…”

Review—Recent Progress in the Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

“…A stochastic sensors used for the molecular enantiorecognition and quantitative determination of the enantiomers of glucose in urine and whole blood samples showed good selectivity and enantioselectivity, stability in time, and high reproducibility within concentration ranges which covered the specific range of D-glucose for healthy and diabetic patients. 44 In Tables I and II we present the analytical parameters of sensors and biosensors prepared with graphene for glucose and cholesterol detection, respectively.…”

Electroanalysis of Interleukins 1β, 6, and 12 in Biological Samples Using a Needle Stochastic Sensor Based on Nanodiamond Paste

“…Stochastic sensors represent a potential tool for sensitive, fast and accurate analysis of biomarkers with great clinical significance in the diagnosis of various diseases [22–26]. As described first by Bayley and Cremer [26], the membrane pores were able to perform single‐molecule detection, which reveals the identity and the concentration of the analyte determined.…”