Molecular Phylogeny of Besnoitia and the Genetic Relationships Among Besnoitia of Cattle, Wildebeest and Goats

Ellis, John; Holmdahl, O. J. M.; Ryce, Cheryl; Njenga, J. M.; Harper, P. A. W.; Morrison, David A.

doi:10.1078/s1434-4610(04)70031-0

Cited by 64 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, molecular comparison of B. besnoiti sequences with those available for other Besnoitia species, specific for goats (B. caprae), donkeys or horses (B. bennetti), and caribous or reindeers (B. tarandi) also revealed a high degree of identity (>99%). These findings are in Q3 accord with observations of other investigators (Ellis et al, 2000;Dubey et al, 2005). The rRNA genes are therefore of limited use to differentiate at the species level within the genus Besnoitia.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…When the sequence of the ITS1 rDNA was compared with sequences deposited for B. besnoiti and other Besnoitia sp., identities of 100% (B. besnoiti, DQ227420.1, DQ227419.1, DQ227418.1, AY833646.1), 100% (B. tarandii, AY665400.1), 99.6% (B. bennetti, AY665399.2, AY827839.1), 99.6% (B. besnoiti from South Africa, AF076859, identical to the ITS1 of B. caprae, Ellis et al, 2000) or less than 80% (B. darlingi, AF489696.1; B. oryctofelisi, AY182000.1; B. akodoni, AY545987.1) were observed.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First in vitro isolation of Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle in Germany

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Majzoub

et al. 2009

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

First in vitro isolation of Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle in Germany

Schares

Basso

Majzoub

et al. 2009

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Although microsatellite markers have been identified showing differences between field isolates from B. besnoiti, B. bennetti, and B. tarandi, 8 there are only minor differences in the ribosomal (r)RNA genes of these 3 Besnoitia spp., and rRNA provides no molecular markers to distinguish them on a genetic level. [1][2][3]11 The current gold standard for diagnosing besnoitiosis in donkeys is identification, via skin biopsy, of characteristic Besnoitia spp. within the dermis of individuals with clinical lesions (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serological diagnosis of Besnoitia bennetti infection in donkeys (Equus asinus)

et al. 2014

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Besnoitiosis is an emerging infectious disease of donkeys ( Equus asinus) in the United States for which there are currently no serologic methods of diagnosis. A study was performed to evaluate physical examination findings and 3 serologic assays for the detection of Besnoitia bennetti infection in donkeys. A prospective study of 416 donkeys from 6 privately owned herds across 5 U.S. states (New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Oregon, and Washington) was performed. Donkeys were examined for clinical lesions suggestive of besnoitiosis and evaluated for antibodies against B. bennetti using a fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and 2 immunoblot assays specific for bradyzoite and tachyzoite antigens, respectively. Donkeys were confirmed to be infected with B. bennetti by histology (cases; n = 32) and were compared to those with no clinical signs of besnoitiosis (controls; n = 384). Identifying clinical lesions in 2 or more locations correctly identified infected donkeys 83% of the time. Donkeys with besnoitiosis had significantly higher FAT titers ( P < 0.001) and numbers of bradyzoite ( P < 0.001) and tachyzoite ( P < 0.001) immunoblot bands than control donkeys. The sensitivity and specificity of the serologic assays for detecting besnoitiosis was 88% and 96% for FAT, 81% and 91% for bradyzoite immunoblot, and 91% and 92% for tachyzoite immunoblot, respectively. Fluorescent antibody and immunoblot assays are effective at identifying donkeys with besnoitiosis and provide a more efficient and less invasive diagnostic alternative to histology.

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“…Parasites of the genus Besnoitia are classified in the subfamily toxoplasmatinae of the phylum apicomplexa (Ellis et al 2000). Besnoitiosis has been formerly reported in ten genuses of various animals including cattle, goats, sheep, equids, reindeer, caribou, opossums, rabbits, rodents, wood rat and lizards (Oryan et al 2008a, b;Dubey and Yabsley 2010;Leighton and Gajadhar 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of murine model for Besnoitia caprae

2014

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It has been shown that mice, particularly the BALB/c ones, are susceptible to infection by some of the apicomplexan parasites. To compare the susceptibility of the inbred BALB/c, outbred BALB/c and C57 BL/6 to Besnoitia caprae inoculation and to determine LD50, 30 male inbred BALB/c, 30 outbred BALB/c and 30 C57 BL/ 6 mice were assigned into 18 groups of 5 mice. Each group was inoculated intraperitoneally with 12.5 9 10 3 , 25 9 10 3 , 5 9 10 4 , 1 9 10 5 , 2 9 10 5 tachyzoites and a control inoculum of DMEM, respectively. The inbred BALB/c was found the most susceptible strain among the experienced mice strains so the LD50 per inbred BALB/c mouse was calculated as 12.5 9 10 3.6 tachyzoites while the LD50 for the outbred BALB/c and C57 BL/6 was 25 9 10 3.4 and 5 9 10 4 tachyzoites per mouse, respectively. To investigate the impact of different routes of inoculation in the most susceptible mice strain, another seventy five male inbred BALB/c mice were inoculated with 2 9 10 5 tachyzoites of B. caprae via various inoculation routes including: subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, infraorbital and oral. All the mice in the oral and infraorbital groups survived for 60 days, whereas the IM group showed quicker death and more severe pathologic lesions, which was then followed by SC and IP groups. Therefore, BALB/c mouse is a proper laboratory model and IM inoculation is an ideal method in besnoitiosis induction and a candidate in treatment, prevention and testing the efficacy of vaccines for besnoitiosis.

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Molecular Phylogeny of Besnoitia and the Genetic Relationships Among Besnoitia of Cattle, Wildebeest and Goats

Cited by 64 publications

References 39 publications

First in vitro isolation of Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle in Germany

First in vitro isolation of Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle in Germany

Serological diagnosis of Besnoitia bennetti infection in donkeys (Equus asinus)

Optimization of murine model for Besnoitia caprae

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