First in vitro isolation of Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle in Germany

Schares, Gereon; Basso, Walter; Majzoub, M.; Cortes, Hélder; Rostaher, Ana; Selmair, J.; Hermanns, W.; Conraths, Franz J.; Gollnick, N

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.033

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In France, there is evidence that the disease has considerably spread from focal areas in the Pyrenees to neighbouring regions since the 1990s (Alzieu et al, 2007;Jacquiet et al, 2010). In addition, severe outbreaks were recently reported in the centre and the south of Spain (Fernández-García et al, 2009a) and in the south of Germany (Mehlhorn et al, 2009;Schares et al, 2009). Since 2010, bovine besnoitiosis has been considered as an emergent disease of cattle in Europe by the European Food Safety Agency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of Besnoitia besnoiti infections and seasonal abundance of Stomoxys calcitrans in a dairy cattle farm of southwest France

Liénard

Salem

Grisez

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of Besnoitia besnoiti infections and seasonal abundance of Stomoxys calcitrans in a dairy cattle farm of southwest France

Liénard

Salem

Grisez

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…7 In Europe, the protozoal disease is spreading in the cattle population, causing first autochthonous cases also in countries not previously afflicted such as Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Switzerland. 1,16,20,21,30,34,45,46 The disease can be divided into an acute, a subacute, and a chronic stage. 3,6 In the acute stage, B. besnoiti tachyzoites proliferate within vascular endothelial cells, and clinical signs and histological alterations are mainly associated with vascular lesions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Naturally Acquired Bovine Besnoitiosis

Langenmayer¹,

Gollnick²,

Majzoub-Altweck³

et al. 2014

Vet Pathol

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The pathogenesis of bovine besnoitiosis, a disease of increasing concern within Europe, is still incompletely understood. In this study, disease progression after natural infection with the causative apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti was monitored in histological skin sections of 5 individual female cattle over time. High-frequency skin sampling of 2 cattle with mild and 2 with severe acute, subacute, and chronic besnoitiosis, as well as from 1 animal during subclinical disease, enabled documentation from the beginning of the disease. Skin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa, periodic acid-Schiff reaction, and anti-Besnoitia immunohistochemistry. In all 4 clinically affected animals, tachyzoite-like endozoites could be detected for the first time by immunohistochemistry, and tissue cyst evolution was monitored. Besnoitiosis-associated lesions were not detected in the animal showing the subclinical course. Because of the inconsistency of the nomenclature of Besnoitia tissue cyst layers in the literature, a new nomenclature for B. besnoiti cyst wall layers is proposed: tissue cysts consist of a hypertrophied host cell with enlarged nuclei, an intracytoplasmic parasitophorous vacuole with bradyzoites, a sometimes vacuolated inner cyst wall, and an outer cyst wall in more developed cysts. Inner and outer cyst walls can be readily distinguished by using special stains. In 1 animal, extracystic B. besnoiti zoites were immunohistochemically detected during the chronic stage. At necropsy, the 2 severely affected cows displayed large numbers of B. besnoiti cysts in a variety of tissues, including the corium of the claws, contributing mainly to the development of chronic laminitis in these 2 cases.

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“…Since then, several new clinical cases have been identified in the region of Alentejo, in the south of Portugal (Cortes et al, 2005(Cortes et al, , 2006b. The same trend of emergence has also been observed in Spain (Juste et al, 1990;Fernández-García et al, 2009), France (Bourdeau et al, 2004;Alzieu et al, 2007) Italy (Agosti et al, 1994;Gollnick et al, 2010) and Germany (Mehlhorn et al, 2009;Schares et al, 2009), leading to a growing awareness of the disease in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A modified agglutination test for the diagnosis of Besnoitia besnoiti infection

Waap

Cardoso

Marcelino

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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Bovine besnoitiosis is caused by Besnoitia besnoiti, an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite. Affected animals present cutaneous and systemic manifestations and the disease may lead to considerable economic losses. Although generally associated to tropical and subtropical areas, bovine besnoitiosis is now considered an emergent disease in Europe, due to the increasing number of new cases and apparent geographical expansion. In this study we evaluated the performance of a modified agglutination test (B-MAT) in the serodiagnosis of bovine besnoitiosis in comparison to the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test (IFAT). To establish optimal protocol conditions we used bovine sera with a known infection status for B. besnoiti infection. Positive animals (n=36) presented B. besnoiti dermal cysts and anti-B. besnoiti specific antibodies, as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT). Negative animals (n=103) were from non-endemic areas in Portugal and negative by the IFAT. From here, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the B-MAT relative to the IFAT with a panel of sera from herds with history of bovine besnoitiosis in Portugal, Spain and France (n=402), using three serum dilutions (1:80, 1:160, 1:320). Considering the positive cut-off at 1:160 serum dilution, the B-MAT showed an almost perfect test agreement with the IFAT; (κ=0.968; 95% CI: 0.941-0.996) with a relative sensitivity of 97.2% (95% CI: 94.1-100%) and a relative specificity of 99.3% (95% CI: 98.4-100%). As a simple and inexpensive technique the B-MAT represents a valuable tool for the diagnosis and study of the epidemiology of bovine besnoitiosis.

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First in vitro isolation of Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle in Germany

Cited by 66 publications

References 15 publications

A longitudinal study of Besnoitia besnoiti infections and seasonal abundance of Stomoxys calcitrans in a dairy cattle farm of southwest France

A longitudinal study of Besnoitia besnoiti infections and seasonal abundance of Stomoxys calcitrans in a dairy cattle farm of southwest France

Naturally Acquired Bovine Besnoitiosis

A modified agglutination test for the diagnosis of Besnoitia besnoiti infection

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