Connections established during last century between bond length, radii, bond strength, bond valence and crystal and molecular chemistry are briefly reviewed followed by a survey of the physical properties of the electron density distributions for a variety of minerals and representative molecules, recently generated with first-principles local energy density quantum mechanical methods. The structures for several minerals, geometry-optimized at zero pressure and at a variety of pressures were found to agree with the experimental structures within a few percent. The experimental Si–O bond lengths and the Si–O–Si angle, the Si–O bond energy and the bond critical point properties for crystal quartz are comparable with those calculated for the H