Molecular mechanistic origin of the toughness of natural adhesives, fibres and composites

Smith, B. L.; Schäffer, Tilman E.; Viani, Mario; Thompson, James B.; Frederick, N. A.; Kindt, Johannes H.; Belcher, Angela M.; Stucky, Galen D.; Morse, Daniel E.; Hansma, Paul K.

doi:10.1038/21607

Cited by 1,141 publications

(946 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Indeed, the progressive formation and breakage of such bonds increases the energy to failure, acting as a toughening mechanism. The mechanism of sacrificial bonds is one of the key mechanisms in bone nanocomposites and has been described in the literature, often as a result from large stresses in the process zone surrounding larger defects (Fantner et al, 2005;Launey et al, 2010;Ritchie et al, 2009;Smith et al, 1999). Our molecular study provides evidence for the possibility of such slip mechanisms, and quantifies possible chemical-mechanical processes that occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Mechanics of collagen–hydroxyapatite model nanocomposites

Libonati

Nair

Vergani

et al. 2014

Mechanics Research Communications

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a b s t r a c tBone is a hierarchical biological composite made of a mineral component (hydroxyapatite crystals) and an organic part (collagen molecules). Small-scale deformation phenomena that occur in bone are thought to have a significant influence on the large scale behavior of this material. However, the nanoscale behavior of collagen-hydroxyapatite composites is still relatively poorly understood. Here we present a molecular dynamics study of a bone model nanocomposite that consist of a simple sandwich structure of collagen and hydroxyapatite, exposed to shear-dominated loading. We assess how the geometry of the composite enhances the strength, stiffness and capacity to dissipate mechanical energy. We find that Hbonds between collagen and hydroxyapatite play an important role in increasing the resistance against catastrophic failure by increasing the fracture energy through a stick-slip mechanism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Mechanics of collagen–hydroxyapatite model nanocomposites

Libonati

Nair

Vergani

et al. 2014

Mechanics Research Communications

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“…Following this, several chitosan polymer chains remain tethered between the cantilever and surface, and are subsequently 'stretched' as the cantilever continues to retract from the surface. 36 Stretching of the polymer chains results in the observation of multiple force peaks (ruptures) that extend to Figure 6 Bonding strength of the nanopatterned and flat adhesives that were applied on wet, moist and dry tissue, and without laser irradiation. No significant bonding variation was recorded during wet and moist repair with flat adhesives, indicating no influence from capillary forces.…”

Section: Gecko-inspired Bioadhesive Sj Frost Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Gecko-inspired chitosan adhesive for tissue repair

et al. 2016

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The advent of nanotechnology has opened the possibility of fabricating nanoscopic pillars on the surface of polymeric films mimicking the Gecko's foot, in an attempt to increase their adhesive capabilities enhanced by van der Waals forces. However, these forces are considerably weakened in a wet physiological environment. To circumvent this loss in force, current biocompatible adhesives with nanopillars require complex multiple-step fabrication, including an extra layer of adhesive coating to stabilize tissue bonding under physiological conditions. In this report, we describe a simple one-step fabrication process of a single-layer chitosan film that has pillars with base diameter in the range of 100-600 nm and a height of~70 nm. The nanostructured adhesive is laser-bonded to tissue and does not require pillar coating to enhance bonding in water. In comparison with a 'flat' adhesive (without pillars), the nanostructured adhesive bonded significantly stronger to tissue under either stress or pressure. Atomic force spectroscopy also confirmed the superior bonding capability of the nanostructured adhesive. This study demonstrates a one-step fabrication technique to produce a monolayer gecko-inspired adhesive that is biocompatible and bonds effectively to tissue.

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“…[59] Instead of lying in the Cu II plane, nonmagnetic ions can be found in the octahedral site between two Cu II layers. This leads to a triple-deck architecture like that in the Hebertsmithite Cu 3 Zn(OH) 6 (Cl) 2 or in (Mg x Cu 1-x )Cu 3 (OH) 6 (Cl) 2 . [60] In all compounds, the magnetic ions form a Kagomé network, providing real examples of quantum Kagomé antiferromagnetic systems, which are expected to show nonconventional Néel order and are good candidates for the formation of the resonating valence bond (RVB) state at low temperatures.…”

Section: Energy Conversion Devices and Functional Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5] The structural precision of biominerals often leads to advanced physical (mechanical, [6] optical, [7] magnetic [8] ) properties tailor-made to their function. These remarkable products are a source of inspiration for many scientists, for their structure, their functionality, as well as for the way they are produced.…”

Section: From Biology To Materials and Vice-versamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small structural variations may occur, essentially because of the necessary adaptation of the molecular area of each metal ion to the molecular area of the grafted anions or to the formation of tetrahedral sites. [58] Among these minerals, Cu II derivatives are particularly under focus due to their peculiar magnetic behavior, like the Kapellasite α-Cu 3 Zn(OH) 6 (Cl) 2 , the Haydeeite, α-Cu 3 Mg(OH) 6 Cl 2 or Cu 3 Cd(OH) 6 (NO 3 ) 2 , for instance. [59] Instead of lying in the Cu II plane, nonmagnetic ions can be found in the octahedral site between two Cu II layers.…”

Section: Energy Conversion Devices and Functional Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Materials: Transferring Technology from Biology to Society

et al. 2015

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Hybrid materials are at the forefront of modern research and technology; hence a large number of publications on hybrid materials has already appeared in the scientific literature. This essay focuses on the specifics and peculiarities of hybrid materials based on two‐dimensional (2D) building blocks and confinements, for two reasons: (1) 2D materials have a very broad field of application, but they also illustrate many of the scientific challenges the community faces, both on a fundamental and an application level; (2) all authors of this essay are involved in research on 2D materials, but their perspective and vision of how the field will develop in the future and how it is possible to benefit from these new developments are rooted in very different scientific subfields. The current article will thus present a personal, yet quite broad, account of how hybrid materials, specifically 2D hybrid materials, will provide means to aid modern societies in fields as different as healthcare and energy.

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Molecular mechanistic origin of the toughness of natural adhesives, fibres and composites

Cited by 1,141 publications

References 25 publications

Mechanics of collagen–hydroxyapatite model nanocomposites

Mechanics of collagen–hydroxyapatite model nanocomposites

Gecko-inspired chitosan adhesive for tissue repair

Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Materials: Transferring Technology from Biology to Society

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