Molecular Mechanisms Used by <i>Salmonella</i> to Evade the Immune System

Bernal-Bayard, Joaquín; Ramos‐Morales, Francisco

doi:10.21775/cimb.025.133

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 240 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…Salmonella are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, facultatively anaerobic, and belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are generally mobile, capsule-less, not spore-forming, and colonize the digestive tract of many vertebrates (Baird-Parker, 1990 ; Bernal-Bayard and Ramos-Morales, 2018 ). So far about 2,600 serovars have been discovered, many of them were implicated in human and animal diseases (Feasey et al, 2012 ; Gong et al, 2014 ; Paudyal et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated From Breeder Chicken Hatcheries in Henan, China

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) Salmonella has a major concern worldwide. This study was designed to determine the AR profiles and serovars distribution of Salmonella enterica isolated from different breeds of breeder chickens in the province of Henan, China. For this, 2,139 dead embryo samples were collected from 28 breeder chicken hatcheries, representing two domestic and four foreign breeds. The samples were subjected to the isolation and identification of Salmonella by PCR. The confirmed strains were serotyped according to the Kauffmann-White scheme and their AR profiles against 20 antimicrobial agents were determined by Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc diffusion method. The results of this study showed the prevalence of Salmonella in 504 strains (23.56%) with a high abundance in southern regions of Yellow River (28.66%, n = 495, N = 1,727) compared to the northern regions (2.18%, n = 9, N = 412) (p < 0.0001). The domestic breeds were more contaminated than imported breeds (p < 0.0001). However, the contamination rate of samples recovered from M-hatcheries was the highest (p < 0.0001). Serotyping method identified 12 serovars, with the dominance of S. Pullorum (75.79%), followed by S. Enteritidis (7.14%). The AR assay showed high resistant to ciprofloxacin (77.00%), sulfisoxazole (73.00%), and ampicillin (55.60%), as well as 98.81% (n = 498) of the isolated strains, were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 69.64% (n = 351) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Among them, one strain of S. Thompson was resistant to 15 antimicrobial agents belonging to eight different classes. In conclusion, Salmonella strains isolated in this study were multidrug-resistant (MDR), presenting a serious problem for human and animal health. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor, control, and rationalize the use of antimicrobials agents in chicken farms in order to limit the increasing resistance against the recent antimicrobial agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated From Breeder Chicken Hatcheries in Henan, China

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…It has also been shown to inhibit antigen processing and presentation from dendritic cells in vitro (31). The effectors of Salmonella pathogenicity island -2 (SPI-2) have been reported to suppress migration of dendritic cells to the site of infection, downregulate CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and polarize macrophage functions (23,24,32,33). However, the exact mechanism by which this pathogen modulates T cell responses during in vivo infection and the interplay of T cells with other immune cells particularly mononuclear phagocytes which host Salmonella during in vivo infection remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Activation of IFN-γ—iNOS Axis During Infection With Salmonella Represses the Ability of T Cells to Produce IL-2

et al. 2020

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Pathogenic Salmonella serovars are a major cause of enteric illness in humans and animals, and produce clinical manifestations ranging from localized gastroenteritis to systemic disease. T cells are a critical component of immunity against this intracellular pathogen. The mechanisms by which Salmonella modulates T-cell-mediated immune responses in order to establish systemic infection are not completely understood. We show that infection of mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) suppresses IL-2 and increases IFN-γ and IL-17 production from T cells activated in vivo or ex vivo through the T cell receptor. Infection with S. Typhimurium brings about recruitment of CD11b + Gr1 + suppressor cells to the spleen. Ex vivo depletion of these cells restores the ability of activated T cells to produce IL-2 and brings secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 from these cells back to basal levels. The reduction in IL-2 secretion is not seen in IFN-γ −/− and iNOS −/− mice infected with Salmonella. Our findings demonstrate that sustained innate activated IFN-γ production during progression of infection with Salmonella reduces IL-2-secreting capability of T cells through an iNOS-mediated signaling pathway that can adversely affect long term immunity against this pathogen.

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“…Bernal-Bayard and Ramos-Morales [ 43 ] review relevant studies on the molecular mechanisms used by Salmonella to evade the immune system by manipulating inflammatory pathways, Barakat and Friedman [ 44 ] describe the complex mechanism of autophagy in prostate cancer cells, and Nakahira, et al [ 45 ] discuss the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. These observations suggest that further investigation might focus on whether the mushroom mycelia-rice bran formulation could also inhibit the growth of cancer cells via autophagy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of a bioprocessed shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom mycelia and rice bran formulation and its antimicrobial effects against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344 in macrophage cells and in mice

Kim

Lee

Nam

et al. 2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundHuman infection by pathogenic Salmonella bacteria can be acquired by consuming of undercooked meat products and eggs. Antimicrobial resistance against antibiotics used in medicine is also a major concern. To help overcome these harmful effects on microbial food safety and human health, we are developing novel antimicrobial food-compatible formulations, one of which is described in the present study.MethodsThe composition of a bioprocessed (fermented) rice bran extract (BPRBE) from Lentinus edodes liquid mycelia culture was evaluated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the mechanism of its antibacterial effect against Salmonella Typhimurium, strain SL1344 was investigated in macrophage cells and in mice.ResultsBPRBE stimulated uptake of the bacteria into RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Activation of the cells was confirmed by increases in NO production resulting from the elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, and in protein expression. Salmonella infection down-regulated the expression of the following protein biomarkers of autophagy (a catabolic process for stress adaptation of cellular components): Beclin-1, Atg5, Atg12, Atg16, LC3-I and LC3-II. BPRBE promoted the upregulation of protein expressions that induced bacterial destruction in autolysosomes of RAW 264.7 cells. ELISA analysis of interferon IFN-β showed that inflammatory cytokine secretion and bactericidal activity had similar profiles, suggesting that BPRBE enhances cell-autonomous and systemic bactericidal activities via autophagic capture of Salmonella. The treatment also elicited increased excretion of bacteria in feces and their decreased translocation to internal organs (cecum, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and liver).ConclusionsThe antibiotic mechanism of BPRBE involves the phagocytosis of extracellular bacteria, autophagic capture of intracellular bacteria, and prevention of translocation of bacteria across the intestinal epithelial cells. The new bioprocessing combination of mushroom mycelia and rice brans forms a potentially novel food formulation with in vivo antimicrobial properties that could serve as a functional antimicrobial food and medical antibiotic.

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Molecular Mechanisms Used by Salmonella to Evade the Immune System

Abstract: Human and animal pathogens are able to circumvent, at least temporarily, the sophisticated immune defences of their hosts.

Cited by 30 publications

References 240 publications

Epidemiological Investigation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated From Breeder Chicken Hatcheries in Henan, China

Epidemiological Investigation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated From Breeder Chicken Hatcheries in Henan, China

Innate Activation of IFN-γ—iNOS Axis During Infection With Salmonella Represses the Ability of T Cells to Produce IL-2

The composition of a bioprocessed shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom mycelia and rice bran formulation and its antimicrobial effects against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344 in macrophage cells and in mice

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