Epidemiological Investigation and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated From Breeder Chicken Hatcheries in Henan, China

Abstract

The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) Salmonella has a major concern worldwide. This study was designed to determine the AR profiles and serovars distribution of Salmonella enterica isolated from different breeds of breeder chickens in the province of Henan, China. For this, 2,139 dead embryo samples were collected from 28 breeder chicken hatcheries, representing two domestic and four foreign breeds. The samples were subjected to the isolation and identification of Salmonella by PCR. The confirmed strains were serotyped according to the Kauffmann-White scheme and their AR profiles against 20 antimicrobial agents were determined by Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc diffusion method. The results of this study showed the prevalence of Salmonella in 504 strains (23.56%) with a high abundance in southern regions of Yellow River (28.66%, n = 495, N = 1,727) compared to the northern regions (2.18%, n = 9, N = 412) (p < 0.0001). The domestic breeds were more contaminated than imported breeds (p < 0.0001). However, the contamination rate of samples recovered from M-hatcheries was the highest (p < 0.0001). Serotyping method identified 12 serovars, with the dominance of S. Pullorum (75.79%), followed by S. Enteritidis (7.14%). The AR assay showed high resistant to ciprofloxacin (77.00%), sulfisoxazole (73.00%), and ampicillin (55.60%), as well as 98.81% (n = 498) of the isolated strains, were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 69.64% (n = 351) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Among them, one strain of S. Thompson was resistant to 15 antimicrobial agents belonging to eight different classes. In conclusion, Salmonella strains isolated in this study were multidrug-resistant (MDR), presenting a serious problem for human and animal health. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor, control, and rationalize the use of antimicrobials agents in chicken farms in order to limit the increasing resistance against the recent antimicrobial agents.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated From Dead-in-Shell Chicken Embryos in Shandong, China

“…Serotyping is an effective approach to evaluating modes of transmission to develop strategies for preventing disease spread within poultry facilities (30). We found that S. Thompson, which is a member of Salmonella serogroup C1 commonly associated with disease in humans (31) and isolated in poultry and poultry eggs (8,28,32), was the most prevalent isolate in the present study. This is in contrast to studies in Shanghai and Sichuan that had identified S. Enteritidis as the most common serovar in commercial chicken farms (25,33), while S. Indiana was found to be dominant in Shandong (34), and S. Weltevreden was dominant in Central Vietnam (35).…”

“…We found that S . Thompson, which is a member of Salmonella serogroup C1 commonly associated with disease in humans ( 31 ) and isolated in poultry and poultry eggs ( 8 , 28 , 32 ), was the most prevalent isolate in the present study. This is in contrast to studies in Shanghai and Sichuan that had identified S .…”

“…A range of Salmonella serovars can infect poultry, causing significant morbidity and mortality and enabling horizontal transmission of these bacteria within flocks as well as vertical transmission of these bacteria to eggs, often resulting in embryonic mortality or death of newly hatched birds ( 6 , 7 ). Prior work suggests that Salmonella infections are associated with 23.6% of dead breeder chicken embryos in Henan Province, China, with Salmonella Pullorum being the dominant serotype in this region ( 8 ). Similarly, Salmonella samples were isolated from 26.7% of dead-in-shell embryos in Jos, Central Nigeria, with Salmonella Hadar being dominant in this context ( 9 ).…”

Antibiotic Resistance Development in Animal Production: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…All (80) Salmonella isolates found multidrug-resistant. In agreement with this study, the zoonotic Salmonella isolates were developed multidrug resistance in Modjo, 20 Gondar, 7 Jimma, 9 and China, 8 Morocco. 29 This multidrug resistance might be attributed to the irrational use of antibiotics practiced in the area 30 , 31 and/or the evolutionary nature of Salmonella species.…”

“…15,16 Before this research, many other types of research were conducted to assess the resistance pattern of Salmonella both in human and animals, but due to the "evolutionary nature of the bacteria and the dependency of patients to antibiotics", the resistance level of Salmonella to antibiotics has been increasing. [6][7][8][9][17][18][19][20] Antibiotic resistance surveillance of foodborne pathogens in food animals like sheep is strongly recommended to mitigate the global crises due to AMR and there was no surveillance had been done yet in the study area.…”