Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance – Part II

Sharkey, Liam; O’Neill, Alex J.

doi:10.1002/9781119593522.ch2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In this context, the lactococcal homodimeric ABC-type protein (LmrA) holds a distinctive position as the initial and most extensively examined MDR pump. LmrA is adept at transporting a diverse range of substances, including antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy drugs ( Marshall and Bavro, 2019 ; Sharkey and O'Neill, 2019 ).…”

Section: Efflux Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli

Nasrollahian,

Graham,

Halaji

2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive update on the diverse mechanisms employed by E. coli in developing resistance to antibiotics. We primarily focus on pathotypes of E. coli (e.g., uropathogenic E. coli) and investigate the genetic determinants and molecular pathways that confer resistance, shedding light on both well-characterized and recently discovered mechanisms. The most prevalent mechanism continues to be the acquisition of resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer, facilitated by mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons. We discuss the role of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases in conferring resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, which remain vital in clinical practice. The review covers the key resistant mechanisms, including: 1) Efflux pumps and porin mutations that mediate resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides; 2) adaptive strategies employed by E. coli, including biofilm formation, persister cell formation, and the activation of stress response systems, to withstand antibiotic pressure; and 3) the role of regulatory systems in coordinating resistance mechanisms, providing insights into potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the intricate network of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in E. coli is crucial for the development of effective strategies to combat this growing public health crisis. By clarifying these mechanisms, we aim to pave the way for the design of innovative therapeutic approaches and the implementation of prudent antibiotic stewardship practices to preserve the efficacy of current antibiotics and ensure a sustainable future for healthcare.

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Section: Efflux Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli

Nasrollahian,

Graham,

Halaji

2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The majority of bacteria produce enzymes that break down antibiotics, and one of the most significant methods of resistance to antibiotics is enzymatic inactivation (Pérez-Llarena and Bou, 2016). The most well-known examples in this category are erythromycin-modifying enzymes, aminoglycosidase and beta-lactamases (Sharkey and O'Neill, 2019).…”

Section: Drug Inactivation (Enzymatic Inactivation Of Antibiotics)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria: A Review

M. I. O.,

S. A.

2024

AFJPS

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Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change so that antibiotics already killing them can no longer kill or in inhibit their growth. As a result, bacterial infections have become more difficult to treat. Antibiotic resistance limits treatment options, increase morbidity and mortality rates and therefore a treat to the worldwide health system. This study reviews four different mechanisms adopted by bacteria in bringing about resistance. The mechanisms are: (1) Modifications (chemical modification of the drug and drug target alteration); (2) Drug inactivation (enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics); (3) Drug uptake limitation (reduction of the inner and outer membrane permeability); and (4) Drug efflux (active pumps system). It is only when these bacterial resistance mechanisms are well understood that the issue of antibiotic resistance could be properly handled and its menace eradicated, or at least minimized.

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“…Enhanced antibiotic resistance or tolerance is a common issue in biofilms. It could be owing to microbial growth conditions, or it could be associated with the exchange or mutations of antibiotic resistance genes (12). Infections are difficult to eradicate despite proper antibiotic therapy as biofilms adapt to survive such treatments (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%