Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited

Darby, Elizabeth M; Trampari, Eleftheria; Siasat, Pauline; Gaya, Maria Solsona; Alav, Ilyas; Webber, Mark A.; Blair, Jessica M A

doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00820-y

Cited by 391 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 234 publications

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“…Bacteria are known to employ a range of different resistance mechanisms. According to CARD database [ 12 ], the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms can be classified as: (i) the production of enzymes that modify the antibiotic molecule, leading to inactivation or destruction of the drug; (ii) changes in membrane permeability, which prevents the absorption of external substances; (iii) protection or alteration of target; (iv) target superexpression; (v) target replacement; and, (vi) efflux pumps that expel toxic components [ 13 , 14 ]. Over the years, the selective pressure caused by the continuous use of various antimicrobial agents has led microorganisms to accumulate various resistance mechanisms.…”

Section: The Silent Pandemic Of Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Efflux Pumps on Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Lorusso

Carrara

Barroso

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Antimicrobial resistance is an old and silent pandemic. Resistant organisms emerge in parallel with new antibiotics, leading to a major global public health crisis over time. Antibiotic resistance may be due to different mechanisms and against different classes of drugs. These mechanisms are usually found in the same organism, giving rise to multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. One resistance mechanism that is closely associated with the emergence of MDR and XDR bacteria is the efflux of drugs since the same pump can transport different classes of drugs. In Gram-negative bacteria, efflux pumps are present in two configurations: a transmembrane protein anchored in the inner membrane and a complex formed by three proteins. The tripartite complex has a transmembrane protein present in the inner membrane, a periplasmic protein, and a porin associated with the outer membrane. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the main pathogens associated with respiratory tract infections, four main sets of efflux pumps have been associated with antibiotic resistance: MexAB-OprM, MexXY, MexCD-OprJ, and MexEF-OprN. In this review, the function, structure, and regulation of these efflux pumps in P. aeruginosa and their actions as resistance mechanisms are discussed. Finally, a brief discussion on the potential of efflux pumps in P. aeruginosa as a target for new drugs is presented.

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Section: The Silent Pandemic Of Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Efflux Pumps on Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Lorusso

Carrara

Barroso

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The acquisition of resistance to antibiotics gives a microorganism a survival advantage over the sensitive ones [ 6 ]. The mechanisms of antibiotics resistance acquisition vary and include inactivation, the use of efflux pumps and even modification of targets [ 7 ]. The issues emanating from the misuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture are twofold: antibiotics pollution and abundance of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal co-resistance with antibiotics amongst bacteria isolates from an open dumpsite soil

Edet¹,

Bassey²,

Joseph³

2023

Heliyon

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“…There is widespread consensus that antimicrobial resistance represents an emerging and alarming threat to human health worldwide [ 17 , 18 ]. As recognized by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, ESKAPE pathogens ( Enterococcus faecium , S. aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumanii , P. aeruginosa , and Enterobacter species) cause the majority of US hospital infections and effectively “escape” the effects of antibacterial drugs [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial drug resistance is an increasing threat to global public health [ 16 ]. The cases of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are alarmingly increasing [ 17 , 18 ]. Multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly worldwide and can become untreatable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities of the Leaf Extract of Sinningia bullata

Chen

Lin

et al. 2023

Plants

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Sinningia bullata is a tuberous member of the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. Prior to this work, the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of S. bullata were undetermined. Here, we prepared different extracts from the leaf, stem, and tuber of S. bullata and investigated their pharmacological activities. The leaf extract of S. bullata, obtained by 100% acetone (Sb-L-A), had the highest total flavonoid content, antioxidation capacity, and cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. Sb-L-A displayed a broad range of antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibition zones of Sb-L-A ranged from 8 to 30 mm and were in the following order: S. aureus > E. coli > P. aeruginosa. Incubation of B16F10 melanoma cells with Sb-L-A at a concentration of 80 μg/mL caused deaths at the rate of 96%, reduced migration by 100%, suppressed proliferation and colony formation by 99%, and induced apoptosis, which was observed in 96% of the B16F10 cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of Sb-L-A were synergistically enhanced when coacting with the antitumor drug epothilone B. Sb-L-A was also used to determine the cytotoxic effects against 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. Sb-L-A of 60 μg/mL boosted the distribution of the G2 phase from 1.4% to 24.4% in the B16F10 cells. Accordingly, Sb-L-A might suppress melanoma cell proliferation by inducing G2 cell-cycle arrest. The most abundant compounds in Sb-L-A were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The top two contents in this extract were adlupulone and villosin. Overall, the collective data in this study may indicate the pharmacological potentials of Sb-L-A for possible medical applications.

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Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited

Cited by 391 publications

References 234 publications

Role of Efflux Pumps on Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Role of Efflux Pumps on Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Heavy metal co-resistance with antibiotics amongst bacteria isolates from an open dumpsite soil

Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities of the Leaf Extract of Sinningia bullata

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