Molecular mechanisms and genetic regulation in atherosclerosis

Abstract

Atherosclerosis (AS) manifested by lipid accumulation, extracellular matrix protein deposition, and calcification in the intima and media of the large to medium size arteries promoting arterial stiffness and reduction of elasticity. It has been accepted that AS leads to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies indicated that genetic abnormalities play an important role in the development of AS. Specific genetic mutation and histone modification have been found to induce AS formation. Furthermore, specific RNAs such as microRNAs and circular RNAs have been identified to play a crucial role in the progression of AS. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which genetic mutation, DNA and histone modification, microRNAs and circular RNA induce AS still remain elusive. This review describes specific mechanisms and pathways through which genetic mutation, DNA and histone modification, microRNAs and circular RNA instigate AS. This review further provides a therapeutic strategic direction for the treatment of AS targeting genetic mechanisms.

miR32-5p promoted vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by upregulating TNFα in the microenvironment

“…Vascular calcification is a complex pathological process. Its development is often involved in diseases with chronic inflammatory disorders [20][21][22], such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and brain arterial stiffness [2,23]. In the central nervous system, microglia, which are the largest population of mononuclear phagocytes [24], play important roles in perivascular and pericalcification areas [25].…”

Die gestörte Durchblutung des Kieferknochens – ein Parameter für die Knochenheilung?

“…Eine Atherosklerose als chronisch entzündlicher Prozess mit krankhafter Einlagerung von Fetten und nachfolgender Bildung atherosklerotischer Plaques mit Verkalkung, Obliteration und Dissektion stellt die Ursache zahlreicher, vor allem kardiovaskulärer Zivilisationskrankheiten dar [34,35]. In der Zahnmedizin spielen atherosklerotische Veränderungen insbesondere eine Rolle als Nebenbefunde in bildgebenden Verfahren der Kopf-Hals-Region.…”

An Exonic Switch Regulates Differential Accession of microRNAs to the Cd34 Transcript in Atherosclerosis Progression

“…As of March 2018, the human miRNAome included 1917 mature miRNAs [13]). Aberrant miRNA expression profiles have been described during the progression of ATH, cardiovascular disease (CVD) [14] or renal fibrosis [15]. Thus, plaque progression and rupture were linked to the expression of miR-23a-5p, miR-210 and miR-222 [16,17] while, on the contrary, miR-19b and miR-33a/miR-33b had protective roles on plaque stability [18,19].…”