Molecular Mechanism of Formalin-Induced Toxicity and Its Management

Khatun, Alpana; Rana, M. G.; Khan, Rafiqul Islam; Wahed, Mir Imam Ibne; Habib, MA; Uddin, Md. Nazim; Sathi, Zakia Sultana; Amin, A.R.M. Ruhul; Anisuzzaman, Abu Syed Md

doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20150302.15

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[ 34 ], which was modified by Alpona et al. [ 35 ]. Briefly, 0.5 ml (1 mg/ml) of PSO extract was mixed with 2 ml of distilled water and then with 0.15 ml of NaNO 2 solution (15%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total phenolic content was calculated by comparison with the standard calibration curve of gallic acid, and results were presented as mg of gallic acid equivalents (mg of GAE) per gram (g) dry weight of the extract. On the other hand, the total flavonoid content of the PSO extract was estimated as described by Zhishen et al [34], which was modified by Alpona et al [35]. Briefly, 0.5 ml (1 mg/ml) of PSO extract was mixed with 2 ml of distilled water and then with 0.15 ml of NaNO 2 solution (15%).…”

Section: In Vitro Chemical Analysis Of Pumpkin Seed Oil Extract I) Analysis Of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds protect against formaldehyde-induced major organ damages

Paul

Sohag²,

Khan

et al. 2020

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposures to hazardous chemicals including formaldehyde are harmful to human health. In this study, the authors investigate the protective effects of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) extract against formaldehyde-induced major organ damages in mice. Administration of formaldehyde (FA) caused significant elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum creatinine, etc. Histopathological examinations of liver, kidney, and brain tissues showed the degenerations of those organs. Mice pretreated with PSO extract significantly attenuated the FA-induced elevation of SGOT (39.0 ± 1.30 vs 20.5 ± 0.65 IU/L; FA-group vs PSO treatment group), SGPT (91.8 ± 1.65 vs 51.0 ± 1.29 IU/L), serum creatinine (1.05 ± 0.07 vs 0.65 ± 0.07 IU/L), and preserved the normal histology of organ tissues. The FA-induced elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain, liver, and kidneys was suppressed by pretreatment with PSO extract. The extract also attenuated the FA-induced reduction of endogenous antioxidant pools. In vitro phytochemical analyses showed that PSO extract possesses free radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities due to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Thus, PSO extract has significant protective effects against FA-induced organ toxicities by scavenging oxidative stress and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

show abstract

“…[ 34 ], which was modified by Alpona et al. [ 35 ]. Briefly, 0.5 ml (1 mg/ml) of PSO extract was mixed with 2 ml of distilled water and then with 0.15 ml of NaNO 2 solution (15%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Chemical Analysis Of Pumpkin Seed Oil Extract I) Analysis Of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds protect against formaldehyde-induced major organ damages

Paul

Sohag²,

Khan

et al. 2020

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The MDA levels from the brain tissues and serum were determined by the method of Draper and Hadley based on the reaction of MDA with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) at 95ºC [11]. The brain tissues were homogenized separately on ice in MDA lysis buffer and centrifuged at 13,000×g for 10 min to collect the supernatant.…”

Section: Analysis Of Malondialdehyde (Mda) Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of <i>Loranthus globosus</i> on Stress-Induced Major Organ Dysfunctions in Mice

Rana¹,

Khatun²,

Khan³

et al. 2018

AJBLS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, MDA, and uric acid levels were investigated for the assessment of stress-induced dysfunction after immobilization stress on the Swiss albino mice. Stress induction caused the elevation of SGOT (7.7 ± 0.2 vs 88.8 ± 0.3; control vs stress), SGPT (10.3 ± 0.5 vs 110.5 ± 5.2), MDA (3.9 ± 0.2 vs 9.4 ± 0.2 in the serum and 4.0 ± 0.3 vs 13.9 ± 0.2 in brain; control vs stress) and uric acid (7.0 ± 0.1 vs 17.2 ± 0.3; control vs stress) levels in the serum. Histopathology of the liver, kidney heart and lung were also examined, and morphology indicated the degradation of each of the organ by the stress induction. The bark of Loranthus globosus was extracted with methanol and then fractionated with petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CF) and ethyl acetate (EA). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavanoids and phenolics in all fractions. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by in vitro assays using total antioxidant capacity and DPPH-free radical scavenging activity. The results demonstrated that among all the extractives of L. globosus EA fraction exhibited highest total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. The EA fraction of L. globosus (12 mg/kg b. w.) successfully reduced the increased biochemical parameters (stress vs stress + EAF); SGOT (88.8 ± 0.3 vs 9.9 ± 0.9), SGPT (110.5 ± 5.2 vs 14.6 ± 0.7), MDA (9.5 ± 0.2 vs 5.5 ± 0.1 in the serum; and 13.9 ± 0.2 vs 7.5 ± 0.2 in the brain) and serum uric acid (17.2 ± 0.3 vs 8.9 ± 0.1) on stress-induced mice. Histopathological analysis also supported the beneficial effects of EA fraction of L. globosus. Dexamethasone (2 mg/kg b. w.) was used as standard drug. The results suggested that the EA fraction of L. globosus might have some beneficial effects in preventing stress-induced organ dysfunction presumably through the neutralization of oxidative-stress generated during immobilization of mice. However, further study is necessary in order to precisely determine the exact molecular mechanisms.

show abstract

“…5 Reports of enteral formalin intoxication in veterinary species are primarily limited to rodents in a research setting. [7][8][9][10] Two equine case reports describe severe neurologic toxicity following intralesional formalin of an ethmoid haematoma and an ethmoid adenocarcinoma (due to diffusion of formalin through the cribriform plate), but there are no equine reports on formalin intoxication by gastrointestinal route. 11,12 Hence, the pathophysiological effect of formaldehyde toxicity on horses is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of formalin intoxication in a 13‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding

Lovett,

Vokes,

Loghides

et al. 2023

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundFormalin intoxication via the gastrointestinal route has not been previously reported in the horse. Whereas ingestion of formalin in humans, although rare, is well documented. Majority of human cases are either accidental, suicidal or homicidal and often lead to fatality, with a reported lethal formaldehyde dose equating to 0.12 – 0.16 g/kg bwt.AimsTo describe a single case report of the clinical management of an adult horse referred to a veterinary teaching hospital following accidental administration of 10% formalin via nasogastric tube.Materials & MethodsA 13‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding originally presented to the referring veterinarian for colic where 1.8 L of 10% formalin was accidentally administered instead of mineral oil via nasogastric intubation, a potentially lethal dose of formaldehyde (0.12 g/kg bwt). Approximately 20‐hours following 10% formalin administration the horse was admitted to the referral hospital with moderate tachycardia, occasional ectopic beats, tacky and hyperaemic mucous membranes, delayed capillary refill time, reduced borborygmi, and pronounced digital pulses. Diagnostic investigations included laboratory blood analysis, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, abdominal ultrasound, palpation per rectum and gastroscopy.ResultsPatient assessment found evidence of toxicity to the gastrointestinal tract, hypovolaemia and risk for laminitis. Intensive care included fluid and electrolyte therapy, anti‐inflammatories and analgesia, continuous digital cryotherapy, gastro‐protectants and other methods of gastrointestinal support. The horse was discharged from hospital on day 14 with no long‐term complications and the client‐veterinarian relationship was preserved.DiscussionIn human cases of ingestion, gastrointestinal injury is typically accompanied by severe metabolic acidosis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to toxicity of other body systems that can contribute to non‐survival. Formaldehyde toxicity in the present case predominantly affected the gastrointestinal tract, most likely a direct result of the route of administration. Aside from gastrointestinal injury, primary toxicity of other body systems was not confirmed. To prevent this medical error recurring, the referring veterinary clinic revised their labelling and storage of 10% formalin.ConclusionThis is the first report of systemic formalin intoxication in the horse. Following a high dose of 10% formalin (0.12 g/kg bwt formaldehyde) enterally, the horse survived having received intensive supportive care based on human guidelines for ingested formalin.

show abstract

Molecular Mechanism of Formalin-Induced Toxicity and Its Management

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds protect against formaldehyde-induced major organ damages

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds protect against formaldehyde-induced major organ damages

Protective Effect of <i>Loranthus globosus</i> on Stress-Induced Major Organ Dysfunctions in Mice

Survival of formalin intoxication in a 13‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Molecular Mechanism of Formalin-Induced Toxicity and Its Management

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds protect against formaldehyde-induced major organ damages

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds protect against formaldehyde-induced major organ damages

Protective Effect of &lt;i&gt;Loranthus globosus&lt;/i&gt; on Stress-Induced Major Organ Dysfunctions in Mice

Survival of formalin intoxication in a 13‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Protective Effect of <i>Loranthus globosus</i> on Stress-Induced Major Organ Dysfunctions in Mice