Molecular Markers Linked to Important Genes in Hard Winter Wheat

Abstract

Biotic stresses including diseases (leaf, stem and stripe rusts), arthropods (greenbug [GB], Hessian fly [Hf], Russian wheat aphid [RWA], and wheat curl mite [WCM]) and their transmitted viral diseases significantly affect grain yield and end‐use quality of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the U.S. Great Plains. Many genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for seedling or adult‐plant resistance to these stresses. Molecular markers for these genes or QTL have been identified using mapping or cloning. This study summarizes the markers associated with various effective genes, including genes or QTL conferring resistances to arthropods, such as GB (7), RWA (4), Hf (9), and WCM (4) and diseases including leaf, stem and stripe rusts (26) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV; 2); genes or QTL for end‐use quality traits such as high (3) and low (13) molecular weight glutenin subunits, gliadin (3), polyphenol oxidase (2), granule‐bound starch synthase (3), puroindoline (2), and preharvesting sprouting (1); genes on wheat–rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomal translocations of 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS; and genes controlling plant height (12), photoperiod sensitivity (1), and vernalization (2). A subset of the markers was validated using a set of diverse wheat lines developed by breeding programs in the Great Plains. These analyses showed that most markers are diagnostic in only limited genetic backgrounds. However, some markers developed from the gene sequences or alien fragments are highly diagnostic across various backgrounds, such as those markers linked to Rht‐B1, Rht‐D1, Ppd‐D1, Glu‐D1, Glu‐A1, and 1AL.1RS. Knowledge of both genotype and phenotype of advanced breeding lines could help breeders to select the optimal parents to integrate various genes into new cultivars and increase the efficiency of wheat breeding.

Alleles on the two dwarfing loci on 4B and 4D are main drivers of FHB‐related traits in the Canadian winter wheat population “Vienna” × “25R47”

“…It was described that some Lr genes are closely linked with Sr genes. Some possible genes explaining resistance in “Vienna”/”25R47” population are Sr24/Lr24 , Sr31/Lr26, Lr46/Sr58 (Liu et al., ; Mago et al., ; McIntosh, Wellings, & Park, ; William, Singh, Huerta‐Espino, Palacios, & Suenaga, ). According to gene postulation, “Vienna” has Lr24/Sr24 genes (Dr. McCallum, personal communication).…”

Developing KASP Markers on a Major Stripe Rust Resistance QTL in a Popular Wheat TAM 111 Using 90K Array and Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing SNPs

“…1A), was the most important resistance loci identified in TAM 111 in the current study. There are at least seven reported Yr genes on chromosome 2B with four (Yr5, Yr44, Yr53, and Yr43) on the long arm of chromosome 2B (Liu et al, 2014). The result indicates that QYr.…”

Approaches to improve wheat grain quality: breeding for falling number

“…(Леонова, 2013; Хлесткина, 2013). Некоторые из этих генов/QTLs клонированы и имеют функциональные маркеры, позволяющие различать ал-лели в локусах (Liu et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2014). Показана возможность эффективного использования MAS (marker-markerassisted selection) или MAB (marker-assisted breeding)…”

“…Это связано, с одной стороны, с более сложной природой признаков покоя семян и УкПП, с другой -с такими лимитирующими факторами, как ограниченный набор функциональных и тесно сцепленных диагностических маркеров, зави-симость эффекта QTL от генетической среды, сильное взаимодействие QTL с внешней средой (Liu et al, 2014). Для того чтобы в селекции на УкПП опираться на MAS, необходимо, во-первых, иметь подтверждение (валида-ция) ассоциации «маркер -признак» в разных генофонах и разных средах, во-вторых, сосредоточиться на важней-ших локусах, которые с помощью молекулярных маркеров можно контролировать в процессе селекции (Randhawa et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2014a, b).…”