Molecular Interaction Studies and Phytochemical Characterization of Mentha pulegium L. Constituents with Multiple Biological Utilities as Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Anti-Hemolytic Agents

Abstract

Multiple biological functions of Mentha pulegium extract were evaluated in the current work. Phytochemical components of the M. pulegium extract were detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, M. pulegium extract was estimated for antioxidant potential by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging, antimicrobial activity by well diffusion, and anticoagulant activity via prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). GC-MS analysis detected compounds including cholesterol margarate, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, 19-nor-4-androstenediol, androstan-17-one, pulegone-1,2-epoxide, isochiapin B, dotriacontane, hexadecanoic acid and neophytadiene. Chrysoeriol (15.36 µg/mL) was followed by kaempferol (11.14 µg/mL) and 7-OH flavone (10.14 µg/mL), catechin (4.11 µg/mL), hisperdin (3.05 µg/mL), and luteolin (2.36 µg/mL) were detected by HPLC as flavonoids, in addition to ferulic (13.19 µg/mL), cinnamic (12.69 µg/mL), caffeic (11.45 µg/mL), pyrogallol (9.36 µg/mL), p-coumaric (5.06 µg/mL) and salicylic (4.17 µg/mL) as phenolics. Antioxidant activity was detected with IC50 18 µg/mL, hemolysis inhibition was recorded as 79.8% at 1000 μg/mL, and PT and APTT were at 21.5 s and 49.5 s, respectively, at 50 μg/mL of M. pulegium extract. The acute toxicity of M. pulegium extract was recorded against PC3 (IC50 97.99 µg/mL) and MCF7 (IC50 80.21 µg/mL). Antimicrobial activity of M. pulegium extract was documented against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasaureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but not against black fungus Mucor circinelloides. Molecular docking was applied using MOE (Molecular Operating Environment) to explain the biological activity of neophytadiene, luteolin, chrysoeriol and kaempferol. These compounds could be suitable for the development of novel pharmacological agents for treatment of cancer and bacterial infections.

The Antimicrobial Effects of Saudi Sumra Honey against Drug Resistant Pathogens: Phytochemical Analysis, Antibiofilm, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Antioxidant Activities

“…There is a growing demand to find alternative agents/approaches to replace antibiotics due to the global threat of AMR, which continues to increase despite the limited number of effective antibiotics targeting MDR bacteria [ 1 ]. Consequently, a high demand towards various natural products (NPs) presented with antibacterial activity and mode of action unlike conventional drugs, including honey, was widely observed [ 11 , 18 ]. Honey has been revered and valued as one of nature’s greatest gifts.…”

Bacterial Infections among Patients with Chronic Diseases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia

“…Similar resistance profiles of E. coli strains isolated from all patients included in this investigation were observed, although strains of this bacterium associated with cancer patients showed the highest level of resistance compared to strains of other patients. Thus, bacterial infections among cancer patients (solid and/or hematological malignancies), especially caused by MDR bacteria, are serious complications leading to a high mortality rate [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. This can be mainly attributed to their impaired immunity.…”

Screening of Bioactive Compounds from Endophytic Marine-Derived Fungi in Saudi Arabia: Antimicrobial and Anticancer Potential

“…In the current study, N -(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-4-(4-nitrobenzylideneamino) benzenesulfonamide and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid showed acceptable RMSD (the root mean square deviation of the pose, in Å, from the original ligand) values. The biological activity of a number of natural compounds has been documented with molecular docking studies—for example, the efficacy of chlorogenic acid on human coronavirus (HCoV 229E) and Proteus vulgaris [ 31 ]; Aloe vera gel based on chitosan nanoparticles against Helicobacter pylori [ 44 ]; and the efficacy of neophytadiene, luteolin, chrysoeriol and kaempferol against P. aeruginosa , E. coli , human prostate and breast-cancer-associated proteins, respectively [ 45 ].…”