Molecular imaging of paper cross sections by FT-IR spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Genest, Sabine; Salzer, Reiner; Steiner, Gerald

doi:10.1007/s00216-013-6967-1

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For species differentiation, the band at 1635 cm −1 is relatively strong in Pinus nigra, whereas the band at 1655 cm −1 was associated with Pinus sylvestris samples. Both bands are related to OH bond vibrations including intermolecular hydrogen bonds between polysaccharide chains (Genest et al 2013 ; Karunakaran et al 2015 ). The intensity of hydrogen bonding exhibits strong influence on the rigidity of the cellulose chain and provides mechanical stability in fibres (Higuchi 1997 ; Klemm et al 2004 ; Popescu et al 2009 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation between pine woods according to species and growing location using FTIR-ATR

2017

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Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy was applied to 120 samples of heartwood rings from eight individual pine trees from different locations in Spain. Pinus sylvestris cores were collected at the Artikutza natural park (Ps-ART). Pinus nigra cores were collected in Sierra de Cazorla (Pn-LIN) and in La Sagra Mountain (Pn-LSA). Three discriminant analysis tests were performed using all bands (DFT), lignin bands only (DFL) and polysaccharides bands only (DFP), to explore the ability of FTIR-ATR to separate between species and growing location. The DFL model enabled a good separation between pine species, whereas the DFP model enabled differentiation for both species and growing location. The DFT model enabled virtually perfect separation, based on two functions involving twelve FTIR bands. Discrimination between species was related to bands at 860 and 1655 cm−1, which were more intense in P. sylvestris samples, and bands at 1425 and 1635 cm−1, more intense in P. nigra samples. These vibrations were related to differences in lignin structure and polysaccharide linear chains. Discrimination between growing locations was mainly related to polysaccharide absorptions: at 900, 1085 and 1335 cm−1 more representative of Pn-LIN samples, and at 1105 and 1315 cm−1 mostly associated to Pn-LSA samples. These absorptions are related to β-glycosidic linkages (900 cm−1), cellulose and hemicellulose (C–O bonds, 1085 and 1105 cm−1) and content in amorphous/crystalline cellulose (1315 and 1335 cm−1). These results show that FTIR-ATR in combination with multivariate statistics can be a useful tool for species identification and provenancing for pine wood samples of unknown origin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation between pine woods according to species and growing location using FTIR-ATR

2017

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“…The chemical group’s changes are further confirmed by FTIR, as shown in Figure b. In contrast to pine, S-pine 6 mol L –1 exhibits two weakened peaks located at 1655 and 898 cm –1 , both of which can be exclusively assigned to polysaccharide, − implying decreases of hemicellulose and the extracts. Besides, two enhanced peaks located at 1610 and 1210 cm –1 can be assigned to the CO of oxidized lignin − (Table S1, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The S-TPHC exhibits a larger d 002 than the former two carbons, due to the hydrolysis of organic extracts induced by the synergic pre-carbonization and H 2 SO 4 treatment. Apart from the two broad peaks associated with hard carbons, peaks associated with inorganic species, mainly CaCO 3 , are observed in the XRD pattern of PHC. The microcrystalline sizes (lateral size L a and stacking height L c ) are calculated using the well-known Scherrer equation based on the fitted XRD patterns (Table S2, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing Improved Sodium-Ion Storage by Introducing Carbonyl Groups and Closed Micropores into a Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon Anode

Deng

Cao

Yuan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Micropores and defects, like oxygen-containing groups, as active sites for sodium-ion storage in hard carbon have attracted considerable attention; nevertheless, most oxygen doping or oxidizing processes inevitably introduce undesired oxygen groups into a carbon framework, leading to deteriorated initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Here, precise carbonyl groups and closed micropores are together introduced into biomass-derived hard carbon to enhance the Na-ion storage performance. The hard carbon delivers a large reversible capacity of 354.6 mA h g–1 at 30 mA g–1, a high ICE (88.7%), as well as ultra-long cycling stability (277 mA h g–1 at 0.3 A g–1 over 1000 cycles; 243 mA h g–1 at 1 A g–1 over 5000 cycles). The rate capability and cycling stability of hard carbon in carbonate- and diglyme-based electrolytes are contrasted to demonstrate the superiority of diglyme. Cyclic voltammetry at varied scans and galvanostatic intermittent titration techniques are carried out to clarify the disparity between the two different electrolyte systems. Furthermore, the as-prepared hard carbon is utilized as the anode for sodium-ion full cells exhibiting an energy density of 166.2 W h kg–1 at 0.2 C and a long-cycle life (47.9% retention over 200 cycles at 1 C).

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“…Obokata and Isogai [ 21 ] investigated the internal and external addition of PAE to paper samples but were unable to observe any differences in wet tensile strengths, which, however, might be attributable to their small sample size. Attempts have been made to study the spatial distribution of PAE in paper sheets; however, these were constrained by spatial resolution due to the use of FT-IR spectroscopic imaging [ 24 ] or transmitted light microscopy [ 25 ]. Therefore, the focus was primarily on the spatial distribution on the macroscopic scale until now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Gradients in Polymer-Modified Paper Sheets—Towards Single-Layer Biomimetic Soft Robots

et al. 2023

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Biomimetic actuators are typically constructed as functional bi- or multilayers, where actuating and resistance layers together dictate bending responses upon triggering by environmental stimuli. Inspired by motile plant structures, like the stems of the false rose of Jericho (Selaginella lepidophylla), we introduce polymer-modified paper sheets that can act as soft robotic single-layer actuators capable of hygro-responsive bending reactions. A tailored gradient modification of the paper sheet along its thickness entails increased dry and wet tensile strength and allows at the same time for hygro-responsiveness. For the fabrication of such single-layer paper devices, the adsorption behavior of a cross-linkable polymer to cellulose fiber networks was first evaluated. By using different concentrations and drying procedures fine-tuned polymer gradients throughout the thickness can be achieved. Due to the covalent cross-linking of polymer with fibers, these paper samples possess significantly increased dry and wet tensile strength properties. We furthermore investigated these gradient papers with respect to a mechanical deflection during humidity cycling. The highest humidity sensitivity is achieved using eucalyptus paper with a grammage of 150 g m−2 modified with the polymer dissolved in IPA (~13 wt%) possessing a polymer gradient. Our study presents a straightforward approach for the design of novel hygroscopic, paper-based single-layer actuators, which have a high potential for diverse soft robotic and sensor applications.

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Molecular imaging of paper cross sections by FT-IR spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Differentiation between pine woods according to species and growing location using FTIR-ATR

Differentiation between pine woods according to species and growing location using FTIR-ATR

Realizing Improved Sodium-Ion Storage by Introducing Carbonyl Groups and Closed Micropores into a Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon Anode

Chemical Gradients in Polymer-Modified Paper Sheets—Towards Single-Layer Biomimetic Soft Robots

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