Molecular imaging of brown adipose tissue in health and disease

Bauwens, Matthias; Wierts, Roel; Royen, Bart van; Bucerius, Jan; Backes, Walter H.; Mottaghy, Felix M.; Brans, Boudewijn

doi:10.1007/s00259-013-2611-8

Cited by 72 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…BAT is an active metabolic organ and potentially plays an important role in the basal metabolic rate and inflammation (19,20). Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by an accumulation of lipids, collagen, foam macrophages, and proliferated smooth muscle cells (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue ¹⁸F-FDG Uptake and Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2016

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Preclinical data suggest a negative correlation between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. We sought to evaluate the relationship between 18 F-FDG uptake in supraclavicular BAT in relation to arterial inflammation and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in humans. Methods: Individuals who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT for clinical indications but who did not have either cancer or known atherosclerotic disease at the time of imaging were included. A radiologist masked to clinical data measured 18 F-FDG uptake within BAT (in the supraclavicular region) as well as in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Tissue density was evaluated using CT (Hounsfield units). Arterial inflammation was assessed by measuring arterial 18 F-FDG uptake and calculating target-to-background ratio. CVD events were independently adjudicated by masked cardiologists. Thereafter, the relationship between BAT activity and CVD events was evaluated. Results: A total of 443 patients (age, 55 y [44-66 y]; 44% men; body mass index [BMI], 26 [range, 23-31]) were included, and 30 patients experienced a cardiovascular event during a median follow-up of 4 y. BAT activity negatively correlated with arterial inflammation (r 5 −0.178, P , 0.01), a relationship that persisted after correcting for age and BMI (r 5 −0.147, P , 0.01). When either high sensitivity or high accuracy thresholds (from receiver-operating curve analyses) were used to define elevated BAT, high BAT was associated with a reduced risk of CVD events (P 5 0.048), even after correcting for age (P 5 0.037). Conclusion: Our results suggest that increased supraclavicular BAT activity is inversely associated with arterial inflammation, independently of age and BMI. Additionally, increased BAT may be associated with fewer cardiovascular events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue ¹⁸F-FDG Uptake and Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2016

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“…In this regard, a recent report showed that human subcutaneous fat increases acutely the expression of UCP1 and beige-selective genes TMEM26 and TBX1 during winter compared with summer, with this response to the cold stimulus being inhibited by obesity and inflammation (155). BAT activity is higher in women than in men and progressively decreases with age (13). Interestingly, an inverse association between active BAT and fat mass, BMI, and fasting glycemia has been reported (53,237,277,346), confirming the potential of BAT as a relevant target for pharmacological and gene expression manipulation to combat human obesity.…”

Section: Brown and Beige Adipose Tissues: New Players In The Onset Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the adipocyte: a model for integration of cytokine signaling in the regulation of energy metabolism

Rodrı́guez

Ezquerro

Méndez‐Giménez

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

235

186

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Adipose tissue constitutes an extremely active endocrine organ with a network of signaling pathways enabling the organism to adapt to a wide range of different metabolic challenges, such as starvation, stress, infection, and short periods of gross energy excess. The functional pleiotropism of adipose tissue relies on its ability to synthesize and release a huge variety of hormones, cytokines, complement and growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and vasoactive factors, collectively termed adipokines. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction leading to the onset of several pathologies including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver, or hypertension, among others. The mechanisms underlying the development of obesity and its associated comorbidities include the hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of adipocytes, adipose tissue inflammation, impaired extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis together with an altered secretion of adipokines. Recently, the potential role of brown and beige adipose tissue in the protection against obesity has been also recognized. In contrast to white adipocytes, which store energy in the form of fat, brown and beige fat cells display energy-dissipating capacity through the promotion of triacylglycerol clearance, glucose disposal, and generation of heat for thermogenesis. Identification of the morphological and molecular changes in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue during weight gain is of utmost relevance for the identification of pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. white and brown adipogenesis; fat browning; adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia; adipose tissue inflammation; extracellular matrix remodeling THE ADIPOSE ORGAN REPRESENTS a special loose connective tissue containing adipocytes and several cell types surrounded by capillary and innervation networks (47, 79, 82). Adipocytes comprise ϳ35-70% of adipose mass, and the other cell types found in the stroma-vascular fraction include preadipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages and other immune cells, and endothelial and smooth muscle cells, among others (79). The classical functions of adipose tissue are the storage of energy in the form of triacylglycerols (TG) and as thermal insulator. Adipocytes were formerly classified into two main types: white adipocytes, which store energy in the form of fat, and brown adipocytes, which induce thermogenesis (82). The current classification scheme includes a third category of adipocytes, termed beige or brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes, which can be considered inducible brown-like cells with thermogenic properties (340). Since the identification of leptin in 1994 (359), adipose tissue has emerged as an extremely active endocrine organ that secretes a huge variety of hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and vasoactive factors that are collectively termed adipokines (67, 81,235,262). Over the last three decades, overwhelming evidence has proven that adipokines not only influence adipobiol...

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“…BAT has a key role in thermogenesis and energy balance and therefore may well participate in energy expenditure in cancer patients. BAT has been shown to be present in adult humans, and a role for BAT in CAC is possible but is by no means definitively proven (Bauwens et al 2014). …”

Section: Role Of Lipids Burning Fat and White Adipose Tissue (Wat) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in cancer-associated cachexia

2016

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Metabolic dysfunction contributes to the clinical deterioration observed in advanced cancer patients and is characterized by weight loss, skeletal muscle wasting, and atrophy of the adipose tissue. This systemic syndrome, termed cancer-associated cachexia (CAC), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. While once attributed solely to decreased food intake, the present description of cancer cachexia is a disorder of multiorgan energy imbalance. Here we review the molecules and pathways responsible for metabolic dysfunction in CAC and the ideas that led to the current understanding.

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Molecular imaging of brown adipose tissue in health and disease

Abstract: Molecular imaging of BAT can be used to quantitatively assess different aspects of BAT metabolic activity.

Cited by 72 publications

References 142 publications

Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue ¹⁸F-FDG Uptake and Cardiovascular Disease

Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue ¹⁸F-FDG Uptake and Cardiovascular Disease

Revisiting the adipocyte: a model for integration of cytokine signaling in the regulation of energy metabolism

Mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in cancer-associated cachexia

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Molecular imaging of brown adipose tissue in health and disease

Abstract: Molecular imaging of BAT can be used to quantitatively assess different aspects of BAT metabolic activity.

Cited by 72 publications

References 142 publications

Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue 18F-FDG Uptake and Cardiovascular Disease

Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue 18F-FDG Uptake and Cardiovascular Disease

Revisiting the adipocyte: a model for integration of cytokine signaling in the regulation of energy metabolism

Mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in cancer-associated cachexia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue ¹⁸F-FDG Uptake and Cardiovascular Disease

Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue ¹⁸F-FDG Uptake and Cardiovascular Disease