Background: The banana ( Musa sp., AAA ) genome is constantly increasing due to high frequency somaclonal variations. Due to its large diversity, a conventional numerical and morphological based taxonomic identification of banana cultivars is laborious, difficult, and often is a subject of disagreements. Results: In study, we used ITS2 region to identify and determine the genetic relationship between the cultivars and varieties of banana. Herein, a total of 16 banana cultivars were PCR amplified using ITS2 region. In addition, 321 sequences were retrieved from GenBank, USA, and used for the study. The sequences were aligned using Clustal W and genetic distances computed using MEGA V5.1. The significant divergence between the intra- and -specific genetic distances of ITS2 region was observed and the presence of a DNA barcoding gap was obvious. Based on BLAST1 and Distance methods, the results proved that ITS2 region can be successfully identified and distinguished for the cultivar and varieties of banana. Secondly, in this study, ITS2 revealed the relations between the cultivar and varieties of banana. Conclusion: Thus, from this study, it is clear that ITS2 is not only an efficient DNA barcode to identify the banana species but also a potential candidate to study phylogenetic relationships between subspecies and cultivars. This is the first comprehensive study to categorically distinguish the economically important banana sub-species and varieties using DNA barcodes and to understand its evolutionary relationship