Molecular identification of ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma cynodontis’ associated with Bermuda grass white leaf disease in India

Snehi, S. K.; Khan, Mohd Sajid; Raj, S. K.; Mall, Smriti; Singh, Manoj Kumar; Rao, G. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01853.x

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As such, it is one of the most widely used turf grasses for sports fields, golf courses, and general use lawns in tropical and subtropical areas [ 63 , 64 ]. It is therefore not surprising that BGWL disease is widespread in many countries on different continents including (1) Asia: Singapore [ 65 ], Iran [ 52 ], Turkey [ 66 ], Thailand [ 67 ], India [ 68 , 69 , 70 ], Malaysia [ 71 , 72 ], Myanmar [ 73 ], Saudi Arabia [ 74 ], China [ 59 ], and Vietnam (unpublished); (2) Africa: Sudan [ 75 ], Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda [ 76 ], and Ethiopia (unpublished); (3) Europe: Italy [ 77 ], Serbia and Albania [ 53 ]; (4) North America: Cuba [ 78 ]; and (5) Australia: Australia [ 79 ]. All BGWL strains belong to 16SrXIV group with minor genetic variations except for an Ethiopian strain (DQ305983) and a Cuban strain (AY742327).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Phytoplasmas Representing Multiple New Genetic Lineages from Phloem-Feeding Leafhoppers Highlights the Diversity of Phytoplasmas and Their Potential Vectors

et al. 2021

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Phytoplasmas are obligate transkingdom bacterial parasites that infect a variety of plant species and replicate in phloem-feeding insects in the order Hemiptera, mainly leafhoppers (Cicadellidae). The insect capacity in acquisition, transmission, survival, and host range directly determines the epidemiology of phytoplasmas. However, due to the difficulty of insect sampling and the lack of follow-up transmission trials, the confirmed phytoplasma insect hosts are still limited compared with the identified plant hosts. Recently, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based quick screening of 227 leafhoppers collected in natural habitats unveiled the presence of previously unknown phytoplasmas in six samples. In the present study, 76 leafhoppers, including the six prescreened positive samples, were further examined to identify and characterize the phytoplasma strains by semi-nested PCR. A total of ten phytoplasma strains were identified in leafhoppers from four countries including South Africa, Kyrgyzstan, Australia, and China. Based on virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, these ten phytoplasma strains were classified into four distinct ribosomal (16Sr) groups (16SrI, 16SrIII, 16SrXIV, and 16SrXV), representing five new subgroups (16SrI-AO, 16SrXIV-D, 16SrXIV-E, 16SrXIV-F, and 16SrXV-C). The results strongly suggest that the newly identified phytoplasma strains not only represent new genetic subgroup lineages, but also extend previously undiscovered geographical distributions. In addition, ten phytoplasma-harboring leafhoppers belonged to seven known leafhopper species, none of which were previously reported insect vectors of phytoplasmas. The findings from this study provide fresh insight into genetic diversity, geographical distribution, and insect host range of phytoplasmas. Further transmission trials and screening of new potential host plants and weed reservoirs in areas adjacent to collection sites of phytoplasma harboring leafhoppers will contribute to a better understanding of phytoplasma transmission and epidemiology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Phytoplasmas Representing Multiple New Genetic Lineages from Phloem-Feeding Leafhoppers Highlights the Diversity of Phytoplasmas and Their Potential Vectors

et al. 2021

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“…In India, phytoplasma disease recorded and identified within the 16SrXIV group are primarily those of subgroup 16SrXIV-A are the most frequently identified. Some of the common plants reported to be associated with 16SrXIV group phytoplasma in India are bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), Oplismenus burmannii and Digitaria sanguinalis -16Sr XIV-A (Snehi et al 2008;Rao et al 2010Rao et al , 2017Khanna et al 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new host record for Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis (16Sr XIV‐A) associated with phyllody and fasciation of linseed ( Linum usitatissimum ) from India

Ajithkumar

Savitha

Mahadevakumar

et al. 2021

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Significance and Impact of the Study:A characteristic phyllody and fasciation disease caused likely by phytoplasma on linseed from India has been investigated in the present study. The pathogen has been identified based on the molecular identification followed by sequence analysis of 16Sr RNA region and SecA gene and their phylogenetic analysis. Virtual RFLP analysis and Candidatus Phytoplasma species assignment by iPhyClassifier confirmed the identity of the associated phytoplasma as Ca. Phytoplasma cynodontis of group 16Sr XIV-A. This is the first report of Ca. Phytoplasma cynodontis 16Sr XIV-A group with linseed phyllody and fasciation from India.

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“…Bermuda grass white leaf (BGWL), first described in Taiwan, is a destructive phytoplasmal disease of Bermuda grass caused by the phytoplasma group (16SrXIV) and characterized by whitening of the leaves and shortening of the stolons (Chen et al 1972;Obura et al 2010). BGWL disease is reported in many countries including Singapore (Koh et al 2008), Italy (Marcone & Ragozzino 1997), Iran (Salehi et al 2009), Cuba (Arocha et al 2005), Australia (Padovan et al 1999;Tran-Nguyen et al 2000), Turkey (Çağlar et al 2013), Sudan (Dafalla & Cousin 1988), Thailand (Sunpapao 2014), India (Rao et al 2007;Snehi et al 2008;Kumar et al 2015), Malaysia (Nejat et al 2009;Naderali et al 2013), Myanmar (Win et al 2013), Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (Asudi et al 2015), and Serbia and Albania (Mitrović et al 2015). Phytoplasmas, wall-less prokaryotes, classified in the Class Mollicutes, Order Acholeplasmatales and genus Candidatus are uncultivable (Xiaodong et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma cynodontis’ with Bermuda grass white leaf disease and its new hosts in Qassim province, Saudi Arabia

Omar

2016

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Typical symptoms of phytoplasma such as whitening of the leaves, shortening of the stolons on Bermuda grass, variegated leaves, yellows, stunting, little leaves and yellows on Giant reed, Cooba and sand olive shrub were observed in Qassim province, Saudi Arabia, during the autumn season of 2015. When tested for phytoplasma by universal primers P1/P7 followed by R16mF2/R16mR2, products of approximately 1400 bp (as expected) were amplified from 16 plants with symptoms but not from symptomless plants. Based on sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the 16S rDNA F2nR2 fragments of seven Qassim phytoplasma isolates, bermuda grass isolates 170, 175 and 177, giant reed isolate 180, sand olive isolates 181 and 182 and cooba isolate 185, the associated phytoplasma was identified as a member of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis' which belong to the 16SrXIV-A subgroup. The 16S rDNA gene sequences of seven Qassim phytoplasma isolates exhibited over 99.2% identity with members of 'Ca. Phytoplasma cynodontis' group of phytoplasmas. This is the first report of characterization of 'Ca. phytoplasma cynodonties' (16SrXIV) associated with Cynodon dactylon in Saudi Arabia and its new hosts, Dodonaea angustifolia, Arundo donax and Acacia salicia.

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Molecular identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis’ associated with Bermuda grass white leaf disease in India

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Identification of Phytoplasmas Representing Multiple New Genetic Lineages from Phloem-Feeding Leafhoppers Highlights the Diversity of Phytoplasmas and Their Potential Vectors

Identification of Phytoplasmas Representing Multiple New Genetic Lineages from Phloem-Feeding Leafhoppers Highlights the Diversity of Phytoplasmas and Their Potential Vectors

A new host record for Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis (16Sr XIV‐A) associated with phyllody and fasciation of linseed ( Linum usitatissimum ) from India

Association of ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma cynodontis’ with Bermuda grass white leaf disease and its new hosts in Qassim province, Saudi Arabia

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