Molecular Identification of HIV-1 in the Presence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Co-infections

Abstract

Background: Because of their similar modes of transmission, the simultaneous infection of viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus are increasingly seen as a big problem related to human health. Aims: To determine the drug mutations in hepatitis B virus and/ or hepatitis C virus co-infected human immunodeficiency virus-1 patients in Turkey. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: The present study was conducted between 2010 and 2017. HBsAg, anti-hepatitis C virus, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus were tested with ELISA. All anti-human immunodeficiency virus positive results by ELISA were verified for anti-human immunodeficiency virus positivity by a Western blot test, and Antihuman immunodeficiency virus positive patients with HBsAg and/or anti-hepatitis C virus positivity were included in the study. Subtyping and genotypic resistance analyses were performed by population sequencing of the viral protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 pol gene. Results: We detected 3896 human immunodeficiency virus-1 positive patients whose sera were sent from numerous hospitals across the country to our polymerase chain reaction unit for detection of drug resistance mutations and whose molecular laboratory tests were completed. Viral hepatitis co-infections were detected in 4.3% (n=170) of patients. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection were observed in 3.2% and 0.5% of all human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected patients, respectively. The major human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype detected was group M, subtype B (62.9%). However, 13.5% of drug resistance mutation motifs were found in human immunodeficiency virus-1 genomes of patients included in the study. Conclusion: Due to similar transmission routes, HIV1 patients are at risk of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection. However, antiretroviral drug resistance mutation model is similar to patients with hepatitis negative.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected people at a university hospital, Turkey

“…Among 949 HIV-infected people from Istanbul, Turkey, HBsAg and anti-HCV seroprevalences were determined as 6.2% and 0.9%, respectively [23]. In another study evaluating serological data of 3,896 HIV-infected people across Turkey, HBV and HCV co-infections were reported as 3.2% and 0.5%, respectively [24]. Serological prevalence rates obtained in our study showed similarities with chronic viral hepatitis infection rates among the general population and other HIV-infected people in Turkey.…”

Phylogenetic and drug- and vaccine-resistance profiles of Hepatitis B Virus among children with HIV co-infection in Pakistan

“…HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) share common routes of transmission and therefore co-infection is common ( Sayan et al, 2020 ). HBV and HIV-1 can be transmitted to children through contaminated blood products or via vertical transmission ( Yeung and Roberts, 2001 ).…”