Molecular identification and characterization of two proposed new enterovirus serotypes, EV74 and EV75

Oberste, M. Steven; Michele, S.; Maher, Kaija; Schnurr, David P.; Cisterna, Daniel; Junttila, Nina; Uddin, Moyez; Chomel, Jean-Jacques; Lau, C.S.; Ridha, Walid; Al-Busaidy, Suleiman; Nordér, Helené; Magnius, Lars O.; Pallansch, Mark A.

doi:10.1099/vir.0.80148-0

Cited by 105 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Non-Polio enteroviruses (NPEV), Picornaviridae family, are responsible for over 80% of viral meningitis in which the etiologic agent is identified [Morens and Pallansch, 1995]. Human enteroviruses (EV) are constituted by the following viral serotypes: Poliovirus (3 serotypes), Coxsackievirus A (23 serotypes), Coxsackievirus B (6 serotypes), Echovirus (28 serotypes), and other Enterovirus recently classified (Enteroviruses serotypes 68-71, 73-78, 89-91) [Pringle, 1999;King et al, 2000;Oberste et al, 2001Oberste et al, , 2004Oberste et al, , 2005Norder et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus meningitis in Brazil, 1998–2003

Santos

Skraba²,

Oliveira

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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Acute viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) such as acute flaccid paralysis, meningitis, and encephalitis, are responsible for a high morbidity, particularly in children. Non‐Polio enteroviruses (NPEV) are known to be responsible for over 80% of viral meningitis in which the etiologic agent is identified. In the present study, we show the frequency of enterovirus meningitis in Brazil from December 1998 to December 2003. Enterovirus were isolated from 162 (15.8%), of a total of 1,022 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens analyzed. Echovirus 30 was identified in 139 of these isolates (139/162–85.2%). Other identified enteroviruses were: Coxsackievirus B5 (3.7%), Echovirus 13 (3.7%), Echovirus 18 (3%), Echovirus 6 (1.2%), Echovirus 25 (1.2%), Echovirus 1 (0.6%), and Echovirus 4 (0.6%). Patients's age ranged from 28 days to 68 years old. The most frequent symptoms were fever (77%), headache (69.5%), vomiting (71.3%), neck stiffness (41.3%), convulsion (7.1%), and diarrhea (3.7%). Although, the majority of the patients recovered without any complication or permanent squeal, five deaths occurred. Throughout the surveillance period, five viral meningitis outbreaks were confirmed: four in the Southern Brazil and one in the Northeast Brazil. Echovirus 30 was responsible for four out of the five outbreaks while Echovirus 13 caused the fifth one. Besides the outbreaks, 734 sporadic cases were also identified during the study period and 59 of these were positive for virus isolation (8%). Echovirus 30 accounted for 70% of the isolates. Our results showed that Echovirus 30 was the most prevalent etiological agent of viral meningitis in Brazil, causing both outbreaks and sporadic cases. J. Med. Virol. 78:98–104, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus meningitis in Brazil, 1998–2003

Santos

Skraba²,

Oliveira

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…EV71 and CVA16 belong to Human enterovirus A. VP1 sequences correlate well with antigenic typing by neutralization, and can be used for virus identification and evolutionary studies (Oberste et al, , 2004 RT-PCR for 5 §UTR and VP1. Reverse transcription was performed as described previously .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular typing methods depend largely on RT-PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of the entire or 39 half of the VP1 gene (Pallansch & Roos, 2007). Comparison of individual VP1 sequences with databases of VP1 sequences of HEV prototype and variant strains allows genotype assignment and identification of new enteroviruses (Oberste et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EV71 and CVA16 belong to Human enterovirus A. VP1 sequences correlate well with antigenic typing by neutralization, and can be used for virus identification and evolutionary studies (Oberste et al, , 2004. Molecular typing methods depend largely on RT-PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of the entire or 39 half of the VP1 gene (Pallansch & Roos, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 using the 5′ untranslated region and VP1 region

Zhou

Kong

Wang

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are members of the species Human enterovirus A, and are both major and independent aetiological agents of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. The human enterovirus (HEV) 59 untranslated region (UTR) is fundamentally important for efficient virus replication and for virulence, whilst the VP1 region correlates well with antigenic typing by neutralization, and can be used for virus identification and evolutionary studies. A comparison was undertaken of the 59UTR and VP1 nucleotide sequences of five EV71 clinical isolates and 10 CVA16 clinical isolates from one laboratory with the 59UTR and VP1 sequences of 104 EV71 strains and 45 CVA16 strains available in GenBank. The genetic relationships were analysed using standard phylogenetic methods. The EV71 phylogenetic analysis showed that the VP1 sequences were clustered into three genogroups, A, B and C, with genogroups B and C further divided into five subgenogroups, B1-B5 and C1-C5, respectively. All EV71 strains were clustered similarly in the 59UTR and VP1 trees, except for one Taiwanese strain, which demonstrated different clustering in the two trees, suggesting a recombination event in the phylogeny. The CVA16 phylogenetic analysis showed that the VP1 sequences were clustered into two genogroups, A and B, with genogroup B further divided into B1 (B1a and B1b), B2 and a possible B3; and that a similar pattern and grouping of all strains were displayed in the 59UTR tree. This study demonstrated that comparing the two regions provides evidence of epidemiological linkage of HEV-A strains, and that mutation in the two regions plays a vital role in the evolution of these viruses. The combination of molecular typing and phylogenetic sequence analysis will be beneficial in both individual patient diagnosis and public health measures. INTRODUCTIONEnterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), members of the species Human enterovirus A in the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae, are both major and independent aetiological agents of large outbreaks of handfoot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). In contrast to CVA16, EV71-associated HFMD is more frequently associated with serious neurological complications and fatalities (McMinn et al., 2001b). Initial EV71 isolates were identified in the USA and Australia in the early 1970s, and in HFMD outbreaks in Sweden and Japan (Wong et al., 2010). Since 1997, the Asia-Pacific region has had several large EV71 epidemics, including in the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia and Japan. Several outbreaks have also been recorded in Australia (Gilbert et al., 1988;Sanders et al., 2006;McMinn et al., 2001b). Co-circulation of EV71 and CVA16 has contributed to serious HFMD outbreaks in China in (Zhang et al., 2009), Taiwan in 1998(Lin et al., 2003), and Malaysia in 1997(Podin et al., 2006.The enterovirus genome is a positive ssRNA molecule of approximately 7500 nt, comprising a single ORF flanked 59Abbreviations: CVA16, coxsackievirus A16; EV71, enterovirus 71; HEV, human enterovirus; ...

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“…It has been suggested that enteroviruses should be classified in the same serotype if they have >75 % nucleotide similarity in the VP1-coding sequence (>85 % amino acid sequence similarity) and into different serotypes if they have <70 % nucleotide similarity (<85 % amino acid similarity). Molecular typing of serologically nontypable strains has led to the discovery of a large number of new enterovirus types (Oberste et al, 2001(Oberste et al, , 2004c(Oberste et al, , 2005 Norder et al, 2003).Detection of circulating wild-type poliovirus strains has become more and more important as the World Health Organization (WHO)-coordinated global poliomyelitis eradication initiative is approaching its goal (Hovi, 2006). Poliomyelitis typically presents itself as a rapidly progressing, usually unilateral AFP, often with fever and residual paralysis at day 60 after onset.…”

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Enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species D

Smura

Junttila

Blomqvist

et al. 2007

Journal of General Virology

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The genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) contains five species with strains isolated from humans: Human enterovirus A (HEV-A), HEV-B, HEV-C, HEV-D and Poliovirus. In this study, a proposed new serotype of HEV-D was characterized. Four virus strains were isolated from sewage in Egypt and one strain from acute flaccid paralysis cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The complete genome of one environmental isolate, the complete coding sequence of one clinical isolate and complete VP1 regions from the other isolates were sequenced. These isolates had 66.6-69.4 % nucleotide similarity and 74.7-76.6 % amino acid sequence similarity in the VP1 region with the closest enterovirus serotype, enterovirus 70 (EV70), suggesting that the isolates form a new enterovirus type, tentatively designated enterovirus 94 (EV94). Phylogenetic analyses including sequences of the 59 UTR, VP1 and 3D regions demonstrated that EV94 isolates formed a monophyletic group within the species HEV-D. No evidence of recombination was found between EV94 and the other HEV-D serotypes, EV68 and EV70. Further biological characterization showed that EV94 was acid stable and had a wide cell tropism in vitro. Attempts to prevent replication with protective antibodies to known enterovirus receptors (poliovirus receptor, vitronectin a v b 3 receptor and decay accelerating factor) were not successful. Seroprevalence studies in the Finnish population revealed a high prevalence of this virus over the past two decades. INTRODUCTIONThe genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) contains a large group of human pathogens. Although the majority of enterovirus infections are subclinical, enterovirus infection can lead to a variety of acute and chronic diseases including mild upper respiratory illness, febrile rash, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, pleurodynia, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), diabetes, myocarditis and neonatal sepsis-like disease (Pallansch & Roos, 2001). The primary site of enterovirus infection is the mucosal tissue of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. After spreading through the lymphatic system and circulation, the virus can infect secondary target tissues. The secondary replication sites largely define the clinical manifestations of a given enterovirus strain. In the intestinal mucosa, virus replication can continue for several weeks, during which time progeny virus is shed into faeces.The enterovirus genome is a single-stranded RNA molecule of approximately 7500 nt consisting of a single open reading frame flanked by non-coding 59 and 39 regions. The 59 UTR contains an internal ribosome-binding site, which is essential for translation initiation (Pelletier & Sonenberg, 1988;Molla et al., 1992;Chen & Sarnow, 1995). The 39 UTR forms highly conserved secondary and tertiary structures that are thought to be important in replication initiation (Pilipenko et al., 1992(Pilipenko et al., , 1996Mirmomeni et al., 1997). The open reading frame is translated into a single, large polypeptide, which is...

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Molecular identification and characterization of two proposed new enterovirus serotypes, EV74 and EV75

Cited by 105 publications

References 30 publications

Enterovirus meningitis in Brazil, 1998–2003

Enterovirus meningitis in Brazil, 1998–2003

Molecular characterization of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 using the 5′ untranslated region and VP1 region

Enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species D

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