“…Such events include the initial differentiation and patterning of the major elements of the body, appearance of segmental and regional identity, patterns of regulatory gene expression, induction and signaling cascades, cell and tissue specification and differentiation, or the differentiation of skeletal elements and organ systems. Because these events are not functions of size and shape parameters, they are excluded from the analyses of growth heterochrony, but are increasingly the kinds of events examined in comparative studies of development (e.g., Hall, 1984;Langille and Hall, 1989;Wray and McClay, 1989;Jeffery and Swalla, 1992;Swalla et al, 1993Swalla et al, , 1994Collazo, 1994;Richardson, 1995;Smith MM, 1995;Wray, 1995;Cubbage and Mabee, 1996;Slack and Ruvkun, 1997;Velhagen, 1997). These are precisely the kinds of events that must be understood in order to understand how changing genetic and morphogenetic processes produce evolutionary transitions.…”