Molecular genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus in the North of Iraq

Hammad, Salam Jumaah; Cavallero, Serena; Milardi, Giovanni Luigi; Gabrielli, Simona; Amelio, S.; Al-Nasiri, Fatima Shihab

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.11.010

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The present-study findings agree with (26)(27)(28) they stated that the sheep strain G1 is the common strain in Iraq, which has an ability to infect most intermediate hosts including sheep, cattle, goat, and human. In these poorer regions, dogs are often fed with livestock viscera that may be infected with the parasite.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular characterization of fertile hydatid cysts from the liver of the sheep and cows and associated environmental influence factors

Abdulla¹,

Mageed²,

Obed³

et al. 2020

IJVS

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The aim of the study is characterizing of hydatid cysts that have been isolated from sheep and cow liver fertile hydatid cysts using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1(cox1) gene. DNA samples of nineteen sheep and one cow were extracted from protoscoleces and germinal layers of the parasites in Koya city-Erbil, Iraq, using specific extraction procedures. Mitochondrial cox1 gene region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the expected gene sizes were confirmed by gel electrophoresis. All DNA isolates were then sequenced. Nucleotide sequence alignments were then performed to verify the sequenced isolated according to the database, which showed that all samples were belonging to the (G1) sheep strain. Phylogenetic analysis was also carried out for the sequenced isolated to find out the highest similarities with closest organisms to E. granulosus' conserved gene and to reveal sharing common ancestor, which has been confirmed. Electrocatalytic reduction of DNA where detected through applying cyclic-voltammetry technique, which referred to the environmentally strong protection features of these strains against any effects of external factors, such as heavy metals and has revealed the secret behind the potent preservation of the DNA structure of this parasite from being affect by mutations, or alterations, along the different lineages over a long period of time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular characterization of fertile hydatid cysts from the liver of the sheep and cows and associated environmental influence factors

Abdulla¹,

Mageed²,

Obed³

et al. 2020

IJVS

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“…Our results are compatible with these findings. Also, there exist convincing molecular proofs all over the globe suggesting G1 infection of sheep, cattle, goat, and buffalo, enclosing investigations in Iraq (Hammad et al, 2018), Pakistan (Latif et al, 2010), India (Singh et al, 2012), Argentina (Andresiuk et al, 2013), Ethiopia (Tigre et al, 2016) and Greece (Chaligiannis et al, 2015). The current investigation likewise several studies (Khademvatan , Yousefi et al, 2013; Moro, P. L. et al, 2009; Parsa , Haghpanah et al, 2011; Pour , Hosseini et al, 2011; Sharbatkhori , Tanzifi et al, 2016; Varcasia et al, 2006) have also isolated G1 from other animals rather than sheep, and goat, such as cattle/buffalo, suggesting the dominance of this genotype in these animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in livestock slaughtered in Shush County, Southwest Iran using PCR-RFLP

et al. 2019

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SummaryEchinococosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus spp. that occurs in most parts of the world. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the genotypes of isolated hydatid cysts from slaughtered animals in Shush county, southwestern Iran. Totally, 96 hydatid cysts were collected, including 11 buffaloes, 13 cattle, 12 goat and 60 sheep. The PCR was done by a primer pair (BDI and 4s) to amplify ITS1 fragment. Four restriction endonucleases including AluI, HpaII, RsaI, and TaqI were used for RFLP products and enzymatic reactions were electrophoresed. Finally, twenty PCR products were sent for sequencing and phylogenetic tree was drawn with MEGA6. Molecular identification of 96 hydatid cysts demonstrated a distinctive 1000 bp fragment in all samples from four animal hosts. RFLP analysis showed similar digestion patterns in all samples. AluI digestion yielded 800 bp and 200 bp fragments, HpaII digestion made 700 bp and 300 bp fragments and RsaI digestion entailed 655 and 345segments. Moreover, TaqI rendered no digestion pattern on rDNA-ITS1 region. Additionally, E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1-3 complex) was the prevailing genotype in all livestock samples, according to PCR-RFLP and sequencing analyses.

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“…Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a neglected tropical disease having zoonotic connotations [ 1 ]. Echinococcus granulosus ( sensu lato ) is the etiological agent with a cosmopolitan distribution leading to heavy economic losses amounting for up to 3 billion USD per year [ 2 ] and human suffering [ 3 ]. Based on nucleotide sequence variation of the mitochondrial DNA, eight different genotypes and E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) (G1, G3) and E. ortleppi (G5) in Pakistan: phylogeny, genetic diversity and population structural analysis based on mitochondrial DNA

et al. 2020

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Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious tapeworm infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus ( sensu lato ) which infects a wide range of animals and humans worldwide. Despite the millions of livestock heads reared in Pakistan, only a few reports on CE prevalence and even fewer on the genetic diversity are available for the country. Meanwhile, the available reports on the genetic diversity are predominantly based on short sequences of the cox 1 gene. Methods To close this knowledge gap, this study was designed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Echinococcus spp. in Pakistan using the complete mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox 1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 ( nad 1) genes. Results Based on BLAST searches of the generated cox 1 and nad 1 gene sequences from a total of 60 hydatid cysts collected from cattle ( n = 40) and buffalo ( n = 20), 52 isolates were identified as E . granulosus ( s.s. ) (G1, G3) and 8 as E . ortleppi (G5). The detection of the G5 genotype represents the first in Pakistan. The phylogeny inferred by the Bayesian method using nucleotide sequences of cox 1 -nad 1 further confirmed their identity. The diversity indices indicated a high haplotype diversity and a low nucleotide diversity. The negative values of Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs test demonstrated deviation from neutrality suggesting a recent population expansion. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this report described the genetic variation of E. granulosus population for the first time in Pakistan using the complete cox 1 and nad 1 mitochondrial genes and confirms E. ortleppi as one of the causative agents of CE among livestock in Pakistan. While this report will contribute to baseline information for CE control, more studies considering species diversity and distribution in different hosts across unstudied regions of Pakistan are highly needed.

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Molecular genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus in the North of Iraq

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular characterization of fertile hydatid cysts from the liver of the sheep and cows and associated environmental influence factors

Molecular characterization of fertile hydatid cysts from the liver of the sheep and cows and associated environmental influence factors

Determination of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in livestock slaughtered in Shush County, Southwest Iran using PCR-RFLP

Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) (G1, G3) and E. ortleppi (G5) in Pakistan: phylogeny, genetic diversity and population structural analysis based on mitochondrial DNA

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