Molecular evolution of the capsid (VP1) region in human norovirus genogroup II genotype 3

Saito, Mariko; Tsukagoshi, Hiroyuki; Ishigaki, Hirotaka; Aso, Jumpei; Ishii, Haruyuki; Okayama, Kaori; Ryo, Akihide; Ishioka, Taisei; Kuroda, Makoto; Saruki, Nobuhiro; Katayama, Kazuhiko; Kimura, Hirokazu

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03835

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A previous report showed that densely sampled short RdRp sequences provided more reliable evolutionary data than fewer longer sequences [ 26 ]. In the present study, the VP1 genes of the GII.3 showed a lower mean substitution rate (4.132 × 10 –3 substitutions per site per year) than in a previous report (4.82 × 10 –3 substitutions per site per year) [ 21 ]. Several factors, such as sequence numbers, methodology, and collection dates, may affect the differences in the evolutionary rates between the previous and present data.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The GII.3 [P21] strains evolved into two subclades and the corresponding GII.3[P12] formed two subclades in the evolution. Previous studies also showed that GII.3 VP1 sequences could be grouped into three major clusters, in which clusters II and III were compatible with the present SC I and SC II [ 21 ]. As both SC I and SC II contained the strains isolated in late 2010, it was likely that acquisition of a different RdRp gene allowed simultaneous evolution along with two distinct subclades.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Evolution of the GII.3[P12] Norovirus from 2010 to 2019 in Jiangsu, China

Bao

et al. 2021

Gut Pathog

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Objectives Norovirus genotype GII.3[P12] strains have been an important pathogen for sporadic gastroenteritis infection. In previous studies of GII.3[P12], the number of specimens and time span are relatively small, which is difficult to truly reflect the infection and evolution of this type of norovirus. Here we report a molecular epidemiological study of the NoVs prevalent in Jiangsu between 2010 and 2019 to investigate the evolution of the GII.3[P12] strains in China. Methods In this study 60 GII.3[P12] norovirus strains were sequenced and analyzed for evolution, recombination, and selection pressure using bioanalysis software. Results The GII.3[P12] strains were continuously detected during the study period, which showed a high constituent ratio in males, in winter and among children aged 0–11 months, respectively. A time-scaled evolutionary tree showed that both GII.P12 RdRp and GII.3 VP1 sequences were grouped into three major clusters (Cluster I–III). Most GII.3[P12] strains were mainly located in sub-cluster (SC) II of Cluster III. A SimPlot analysis identified GII.3[P12] strain to be as an ORF1-intragenic recombinant of GII.4[P12] and GII.3[P21]. The RdRp genes of the GII.3[P12] showed a higher mean substitution rate than those of all GII.P12, while the VP1 genes of the GII.3[P12] showed a lower mean substitution rate than those of all GII.3. Alignment of the GII.3 capsid sequences revealed that three HBGA binding sites of all known GII.3 strains remained conserved, while several amino acid mutations in the predicted antibody binding sites were detected. The mutation at 385 was within predicted antibody binding regions, close to host attachment factor binding sites. Positive and negative selection sites were estimated. Two common positively selected sites (sites 385 and 406) were located on the surface of the protruding domain. Moreover, an amino acid substitution (aa204) was estimated to be near the active site of the RdRp protein. Conclusions We conducted a comprehensive analysis on the epidemic and evolution of GII.3[P12] noroviruses and the results suggested that evolution was possibly driven by intergenic recombination and mutations in some key amino acid sites.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Evolution of the GII.3[P12] Norovirus from 2010 to 2019 in Jiangsu, China

Bao

et al. 2021

Gut Pathog

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“…Non-GII.4 genotypes, peak and ebb in prevalence [113,123,140]. GII.3, GII.6, GII.2, GII.12 and GII.17 are frequently detected [123,[141][142][143]. GI.3 is the most frequently detected GI genotype [122,123].…”

Section: Virus Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Humoral Immunity Following Natural Infection of Children with High Burden Gastrointestinal Viruses

Zweigart

Becker‐Dreps

Bucardo

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting in an estimated 440,571 deaths of children under age 5 annually. Rotavirus, norovirus, and sapovirus are leading causes of childhood AGE. A successful rotavirus vaccine has reduced rotavirus hospitalizations by more than 50%. Using rotavirus as a guide, elucidating the determinants, breath, and duration of serological antibody immunity to AGE viruses, as well as host genetic factors that define susceptibility is essential for informing development of future vaccines and improving current vaccine candidates. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of disease burden and serological antibody immunity following natural infection to inform further vaccine development for these three high-burden viruses.

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“…Two years later, these relatively larger clusters were further defined into five smaller lineages (A to E), which were generally observed to be temporally sequential in terms of collection dates of the corresponding strains within each lineage [22]. In 2020, Saito et al performed a phylogenetic analysis of a large number of sequences of GII.3 strains, most of which were collected after 2013, and therefore updated GII.3 classification with the analyzed strains being divided into three clusters (1, 2, and 3) based on the VP1 amino acid sequence [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunization of animals with GII.3 VLPs elicited antibodies capable of blocking the interaction between HBGAs and homotypic VLPs [34,37], indicating that the GII.3 VP1 protein does contain blockade antibody epitopes. Although in silico analyses have predicted several sites where GII.3 blockade antibody epitopes might reside [21,22,33], thus far, the exact locations of GII.3 blockade antibody epitopes have not been defined experimentally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Human Norovirus GII.3 Blockade Antibody Epitopes

Wang

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Human noroviruses are a common pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Among all norovirus genotypes, GII.3 is particularly prevalent in the pediatric population. Here we report the identification of two distinct blockade antibody epitopes on the GII.3 capsid. We generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from mice immunized with virus-like particle (VLP) of a GII.3 cluster 3 strain. Two of these mAbs, namely 8C7 and 8D1, specifically bound the parental GII.3 VLP but not VLPs of GII.4, GII.17, or GI.1. In addition, 8C7 and 8D1 efficiently blocked GII.3 VLP binding with its ligand, histo-blood group antigens (HBGA). These data demonstrate that 8C7 and 8D1 are GII.3-specific blockade antibodies. By using a series of chimeric VLPs, we mapped the epitopes of 8C7 and 8D1 to residues 385–400 and 401–420 of the VP1 capsid protein, respectively. These two blockade antibody epitopes are highly conserved among GII.3 cluster 3 strains. Structural modeling shows that the 8C7 epitope partially overlaps with the HBGA binding site (HBS) while the 8D1 epitope is spatially adjacent to HBS. These findings may enhance our understanding of the immunology and evolution of GII.3 noroviruses.

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Molecular evolution of the capsid (VP1) region in human norovirus genogroup II genotype 3

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Evolution of the GII.3[P12] Norovirus from 2010 to 2019 in Jiangsu, China

Evolution of the GII.3[P12] Norovirus from 2010 to 2019 in Jiangsu, China

Serological Humoral Immunity Following Natural Infection of Children with High Burden Gastrointestinal Viruses

Identification of Human Norovirus GII.3 Blockade Antibody Epitopes

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