Molecular Evolution of Enterovirus 68 Detected in the Philippines

Imamura, Tadatsugu; Suzuki, Akira; Lupisan, Socorro; Okamoto, Michiko; Aniceto, Rapunzel; Egos, Rutchie J.; Daya, Edgardo E.; Tamaki, Raita; Saito, Mariko; Fuji, Naoko; Roy, Chandra Nath; Opinion, Jaime M.; Santo, Arlene; Macalalad, Noel G.; Tandoc, Amado; Sombrero, Lydia; Olveda, Remigio M.; Oshitani, Hitoshi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074221

Cited by 35 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This suggests that although each of the antisera generated for three lineages was cross-reactive to the strains of other lineages, there were some antigenic differences between lineages 1, 2, and 3 of EV68, although they belong to the single homologous serotype. Several previous studies have shown that multiple lineages of EV68 were detected in each outbreak (6,8,10). The emergence and cocirculation of strains with various antigenic properties in the same community may be a possible mechanism for the rapid increase of EV68 cases in recent years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…According to our previous reports, most of the EV68 strains detected in the Philippines belonged to lineage 2, and a few of them belonged to lineage 3 (4,10). The VP1 sequences detected in the Philippines and other countries demonstrated that the amino acid sequence patterns in BC and DE loops were correlated with the categorization of EV68 into the 3 lineages (6,8,10). Generally, loop structures, including BC and DE loops, are located on the viral surface and associated with antigenic epitopes of enteroviruses (11,12).…”

Section: H Uman Enterovirus 68 (Ev68) (Species Human Enterovirus D;mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, several previous studies reported that the detection rate of EV68 was significantly higher among patients hospitalized with severe lower-respiratorytract infections than those visiting outpatient clinics with mild upper-respiratory-tract infections (6,8,10). Therefore, there might be unknown mechanisms for severe infections with EV68 other than the distribution of viral receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Antigenic and Receptor Binding Properties of Enterovirus 68

Imamura

Okamoto

Nakakita

et al. 2014

J Virol

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111

127

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Increased detection of enterovirus 68 (EV68) among patients with acute respiratory infections has been reported from different parts of the world in the late 2000s since its first detection in pediatric patients with lower-respiratory-tract infections in 1962. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for this trend are still unknown. We therefore aimed to study the antigenicity and receptor binding properties of EV68 detected in recent years in comparison to the prototype strain of EV68, the Fermon strain. We first performed neutralization (NT) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests using antisera generated for EV68 strains detected in recent years. We found that the Fermon strain had lower HI and NT titers than recently detected EV68 strains. The HI and NT titers were also significantly different between strains of different genetic lineages among recently detected EV68 strains. We further studied receptor binding specificities of EV68 strains for sialyloligosaccharides using glycan array analysis. In glycan array analysis, all tested EV68 strains showed affinity for ␣2-6-linked sialic acids (␣2-6 SAs) compared to ␣2-3 SAs. Our study demonstrates that emergence of strains with different antigenicity is the possible reason for the increased detection of EV68 in recent years. Additionally, we found that EV68 preferably binds to ␣2-6 SAs, which suggests that EV68 might have affinity for the upper respiratory tract. IMPORTANCE Numbers of cases of enterovirus 68 (EV68) infection in different parts of the world increased significantly in the late 2000s.We studied the antigenicity and receptor binding properties of recently detected EV68 strains in comparison to the prototype strain of EV68, Fermon. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization (NT) titers were significantly different between strains of different genetic lineages among recently detected EV68 strains. We further studied receptor binding specificities of EV68 strains for sialyloligosaccharides using glycan array analysis, which showed affinity for ␣2-6-linked sialic acids (␣2-6 SAs) compared to ␣2-3 SAs. Our study suggested that the emergence of strains with different antigenicities was the possible reason for the increased detections of EV68 in recent years. Additionally, we revealed that EV68 preferably binds to ␣2-6 SAs. This is the first report describing the properties of EV68 receptor binding to the specific types of sialic acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: H Uman Enterovirus 68 (Ev68) (Species Human Enterovirus D;mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Antigenic and Receptor Binding Properties of Enterovirus 68

Imamura

Okamoto

Nakakita

et al. 2014

J Virol

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111

127

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“…Following the initial outbreaks, EV-D68 continued its seasonal circulation, and was occasionally detected in respiratory samples from paediatric patients with URTI and severe LRTI in different countries, further supporting its clinical relevance [83][84][85][86]. Further concern was raised after the EV-D68 outbreak in the USA in 2014 [87], when over 1000 patients across the country were diagnosed with acute respiratory illness (ARI) caused by EV-D68.…”

Section: Enterovirus 68mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imamura et al studied the immunogenic properties of 12 EV-D68 types belonging to all three lineages of EV-D68 -A, B and C [85]. Immunized guinea pigs generated high titres of neutralizing antibodies for the original virus and viruses of the same lineage, but very little crossneutralization between genetic lineages was found [166].…”

Section: Neutralization Of Enterovirus 68mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human picornaviruses associated with neurological diseases and their neutralization by antibodies

Anastasina

Domanska

Palm

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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Picornaviruses are the most commonly encountered infectious agents in mankind. They typically cause mild infections of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract, but sometimes also invade the central nervous system. There, they can cause severe diseases with long-term sequelae and even be lethal. The most infamous picornavirus is poliovirus, for which significant epidemics of poliomyelitis were reported from the end of the nineteenth century. A successful vaccination campaign has brought poliovirus close to eradication, but neurological diseases caused by other picornaviruses have increasingly been reported since the late 1990s. In this review we focus on enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus A16, enterovirus 68 and human parechovirus 3, which have recently drawn attention because of their links to severe neurological diseases. We discuss the clinical relevance of these viruses and the primary role of humoral immunity in controlling them, and summarize current knowledge on the neutralization of such viruses by antibodies.

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Global reemergence of enterovirus D68 as an important pathogen for acute respiratory infections

2014

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We previously detected enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in children with severe acute respiratory infections in the Philippines in 2008–2009. Since then, the detection frequency of EV-D68 has increased in different parts of the world, and EV-D68 is now recognized as a reemerging pathogen. However, the epidemiological profile and clinical significance of EV-D68 is yet to be defined, and the virological characteristics of EV-D68 are not fully understood. Recent studies have revealed that EV-D68 is detected among patients with acute respiratory infections of differing severities ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe pneumonia including fatal cases in pediatric and adult patients. In some study sites, the EV-D68 detection rate was higher among patients with lower respiratory tract infections than among those with upper respiratory tract infections, suggesting that EV-D68 infections are more likely to be associated with severe respiratory illnesses. EV-D68 strains circulating in recent years have been divided into three distinct genetic lineages with different antigenicity. However, the association between genetic differences and disease severity, as well as the occurrence of large-scale outbreaks, remains elusive. Previous studies have revealed that EV-D68 is acid sensitive and has an optimal growth temperature of 33 °C. EV-D68 binds to α2,6-linked sialic acids; hence, it is assumed that it has an affinity for the upper respiratory track where these glycans are present. However, the lack of suitable animal model constrains comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of EV-D68. © 2014 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Molecular Evolution of Enterovirus 68 Detected in the Philippines

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Antigenic and Receptor Binding Properties of Enterovirus 68

Antigenic and Receptor Binding Properties of Enterovirus 68

Human picornaviruses associated with neurological diseases and their neutralization by antibodies

Global reemergence of enterovirus D68 as an important pathogen for acute respiratory infections

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