Molecular Evidence of Cryptic Species within the <I>Liriomyza huidobrensis</I> (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships among populations of the polyphagous pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), were investigated using DNA sequence data. Maximum parsimony analysis of 941 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II genes showed that L. huidobrensis contains two well-defined monophyletic groups, one composed of specimens from California and Hawaii and one composed of specimens from South and Central America together with populations that have been recently introduced into other parts of the world. The differentiation between the two clades within L. huidobrensis is equivalent to that seen between other agromyzid species, suggesting that L. huidobrensis as currently defined contains two cryptic species. This finding is consistent with field observations of differences in pest status and insecticide resistance between L. huidobrensis populations. Until additional studies are complete, no changes in L. huidobrensis taxonomy are proposed. However, researchers and quarantine officials may wish to consider the findings of the current study in designing research, pest management, and quarantine programs for L. huidobrensis.

Soybean Stem Fly, Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae), in the New World: detection of high genetic diversity from soybean fields in Brazil

“…The low estimates of evolutionary divergence between M. sojae sequences were as expected at the intra-species level (for example, see Scheffer, 2000) and ranged from 0 to 0.01% (± 0.001-0.004 SE). Consensus SNP (= Msoj-COI-02 haploytpe) were determined by population majority, nucleotide changes identical to the consensus base substitution patterns and are indicated by a period.…”

Research Article First record of soybean stem fly Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Paraguay confirmed by molecular evidence.

“…Post-sequencing trimming of the sequenced amplicons resulted in 740-bp partial mtDNA COI contigs in all samples. The low estimates of evolutionary divergence between M. sojae sequences were as expected at the intra-species level (e.g., Scheffer, 2000;Arnemann et al, 2016b) and ranged from 0 to 0.012% (± 0.001-0.004 SE). The evolutionary divergence between SSF haplotypes from Paraguay and Brazil was 0.005%, and between Paraguay and Australia was 0.003%.…”

Laboratory hybridization between the two clades of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

“…Recently, phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequence data revealed that there were two monophyletic groups within L. huidobrensis (Scheffer, 2000), i.e., the California Clade (CC) and the South America Clade (SC). Scheffer and Lewis (2001) resurrected the name L. langei Frick for CC and restricted the name L. huidobrensis to SC.…”

“…It has been reported that flies from California, Hawaii (Scheffer, 2000) and Mexico (Takano et al, 2005) belong to CC; those from Ecuador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Israel, Sri Lanka (Scheffer, 2000), Argentina, Colombia, Peru (Scheffer and Lewis, 2001), Canada, South Africa , China (He et al, 2002), Japan, Korea and Taiwan (Takano et al, 2005) are reported as SC. The wide diversity of DNA sequences between the two clades indicates that they are rather differ-ent at the species level (Scheffer and Lewis, 2001); however, fundamental biological information has not yet been elucidated.…”