Molecular epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis and genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus in Saudi Arabia: Predominance of genotype D1

Al‐Qahtani, Ahmed; Pourkarim, Mahmoud Reza; Trovão, Nídia Sequeira; Vergote, Valentijn; Li, Guangdi; Thijssen, Marijn; Abdo, Ayman A.; Sanai, Faisal M.; Cruz, Damian Dela; Bohol, Marie Fe F.; Al-Anazi, Mashael R.; Al‐Ahdal, Mohammed N.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104051

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Female participants had a higher prevalence of 6.8% HBsAg infection compared to their male (6.2%) counterparts. This finding disagrees with other previous studies [12][13][14], where a higher prevalence of HBV was observed in men. In spite of the observed differences in infection rate between males and females, sex is not a significant factor influencing HBsAg infection in the study area.…”

Section: Distribution Of Hbv According To Family Typecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

BIOMED nat. appl. sci.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health problem globally and accounts for about one million deaths worldwide annually. This study determined the seroprevalence, distribution of HBV infection, and factors associated with the infection amongst patients attending selected hospitals in Niger State. A total of 500 blood samples were collected from five selected hospitals in Niger state. The samples were screened using Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test kit for the qualitative detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in serum. Prevalence of Hepatitis B infection was 13.0% cumulatively in the study area. Female participants had a higher prevalence (6.8%) of HBsAg infection compared to their male counterparts with 6.2%. Participants within the 41-50 years' age group recorded a higher rate of infection (5.2%), while those ≥ 50 years had a lower prevalence of (2.3%). The civil servants had a higher percentage prevalence of 6.4% followed by housewives and the least was observed with participants who are students. Patients without a history of blood transfusion recorded a higher percentage prevalence (7.8%) compared to those with a history of blood transfusion (5.2%). The results reveal that participants with polygamous family types recorded a higher prevalence of HBV infection (11.4%) compared to those belonging to the monogamous type (1.6%). The results obtained from this study suggest that HBV is in circulation in the study areas; thus necessitating more awareness campaigns among the general population about HBV and its modes of transmission and associated risk factors.

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Section: Distribution Of Hbv According To Family Typecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

BIOMED nat. appl. sci.

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“…The development of vaccines and the detection of mutation passing the diagnostics in the antigenic epitopes at HBsAg will be beneficial for the authority of public health. Furthermore, the diversity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, as well as the difference in the proportion of dN/dS in PreS1, PreS2, and HBsAg showed a tendency of selective pressure of non-active status to advanced liver disease (12).…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

A Global Perspective in Controlling Hepatitis B Virus Through Vaccination: A Review With a Focus on Indonesia

Sulistina¹,

Lusida²,

Martini³

et al. 2022

IJRP

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Even though the universal hepatitis B vaccination program has been conducted in Indonesia since 1997, but until 2018, it has not fulfilled the expected target and tends to experience a decreasing trend. The result of this study was expected to contribute to the government in formulating the best approach to succeed the hepatitis B vaccination program in Indonesia and other countries in the world in the future.The survey of empirical studies and the analysis of articles related to the global perspective in controlling hepatitis B virus through vaccination: a review with a focus on Indonesia.The global prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 was 3.9%. The prevalence of HBsAg in Indonesia in 2016 showed that the population of adults and pregnant women were at risk of being infected with hepatitis B compared to pre-school students and other students. Giving hepatitis B vaccine recombinant in adolescents aged 15-18 years was proven to help give a high immunity and safe along with the decrease in anti-HBs in children after universal vaccination for newborn babies. According to the national immunization policy in Indonesia, the hepatitis B birth dose vaccine should be given within 7 days after the birth and followed by the combination of three vaccines, including diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B in 2, 3, and 4 months (DPT-HB3). Both hexavalent (DTaP-HB-Hib-IPV) and pentavalent (DTwP-HB-Hib) vaccines were effective in stimulating anti-HBs ≥10 mIU / ml, and therefore, both of them can be used as a single formula booster at the age of 18 months for simplifying the vaccination. A study identified two dominant genotypes (B and C) among adults in Indonesia. Furthermore, four zones of HBV subtype shared patterns identified in Indonesia: adw, ayw, adr, and mix. The development of vaccines and the detection of mutation passing the diagnostics in the antigenic epitopes in HBsAg will be beneficial for the authority of public health. Further, the diversity of nucleotide levels and amino acids as well as the difference in the proportion of dN/dS in PreS1, PreS2, and HBsAg showed a tendency of selective pressure of non-active status to advanced liver disease. A new policy related to School-Based Vaccination needs to be introduced in Indonesia with a regular medical check-up for vaccination status when registering the school or during elementary school. With an increased number of new vaccines and the dose of vaccine boosters for children targeting school-age students, SBV implementation, and the inspection of students' vaccination records at school can help increase the vaccination coverage.

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“…[ 53 , 88 ]. An important point to be considered in areas with extensive genetic diversity of the virus is the higher possibility of recombination, which might yield novel viral variants, that may impact the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease [ 89 , 90 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Proportions of Phylogenetic Clustering and Low Levels of Antiviral Drug Resistance among the Major HBV Sub-Genotypes in the Middle East and North Africa

et al. 2021

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health threat in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Phylogenetic analysis of HBV can be helpful to study the putative transmission links and patterns of inter-country spread of the virus. The objectives of the current study were to analyze the HBV genotype/sub-genotype (SGT) distribution, reverse transcriptase (RT), and surface (S) gene mutations and to investigate the domestic transmission of HBV in the MENA. All HBV molecular sequences collected in the MENA were retrieved from GenBank as of 30 April 2021. Determination of genotypes/SGT, RT, and S mutations were based on the Geno2pheno (hbv) 2.0 online tool. For the most prevalent HBV SGTs, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis was conducted to identify the putative phylogenetic clusters, with approximate Shimodaira–Hasegawa-like likelihood ratio test values ≥ 0.90, and genetic distance cut-off values ≤ 0.025 substitutions/site as implemented in Cluster Picker. The total number of HBV sequences used for genotype/SGT determination was 4352 that represented a total of 20 MENA countries, with a majority from Iran (n = 2103, 48.3%), Saudi Arabia (n = 503, 11.6%), Tunisia (n = 395, 9.1%), and Turkey (n = 267, 6.1%). Genotype D dominated infections in the MENA (86.6%), followed by genotype A (4.1%), with SGT D1 as the most common in 14 MENA countries and SGT D7 dominance in the Maghreb. The highest prevalence of antiviral drug resistance was observed against lamivudine (4.5%) and telbivudine (4.3%). The proportion of domestic phylogenetic clustering was the highest for SGT D7 (61.9%), followed by SGT D2 (28.2%) and genotype E (25.7%). The largest fraction of domestic clusters with evidence of inter-country spread within the MENA was seen in SGT D7 (81.3%). Small networks (containing 3-14 sequences) dominated among domestic phylogenetic clusters. Specific patterns of HBV genetic diversity were seen in the MENA with SGT D1 dominance in the Levant, Iran, and Turkey; SGT D7 dominance in the Maghreb; and extensive diversity in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. A low prevalence of lamivudine, telbivudine, and entecavir drug resistance was observed in the region, with almost an absence of resistance to tenofovir and adefovir. Variable proportions of phylogenetic clustering indicated prominent domestic transmission of SGT D7 (particularly in the Maghreb) and relatively high levels of virus mobility in SGT D1.

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Molecular epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis and genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus in Saudi Arabia: Predominance of genotype D1

Cited by 14 publications

References 72 publications

Untitled

Untitled

A Global Perspective in Controlling Hepatitis B Virus Through Vaccination: A Review With a Focus on Indonesia

Variable Proportions of Phylogenetic Clustering and Low Levels of Antiviral Drug Resistance among the Major HBV Sub-Genotypes in the Middle East and North Africa

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