Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae associated with flood in Brahamputra River valley, Assam, India

Bhuyan, Soubhagya Kumar; Vairale, Mohan G.; Arya, Neha; Yadav, P. S.; Veer, Vijay; Singh, Lokendra; Yadava, Pramod Kumar; Kumar, Pramod

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.029

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Only few studies have investigated the presence of resistance-associated genes in V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains in association with phenotypic susceptibility (Raissy et al, 2012 ; Bier et al, 2015 ; Bhuyan et al, 2016 ). One study was carried out on 184 V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains of clinical and environmental origin (water and fish), and showed that 11 were resistant to ampicillin, but all were sensitive to the other beta-lactam antibiotics tested, with the exception of four strains resistant to carbapenems (Bier et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in an endemic zone of cholera has also been studied in Sanitpur, Assam, North East India (Bhuyan et al, 2016 ). A collection of 107 strains of V. cholerae (among which a single strain of O1 Ogawa) was isolated from 38 water samples (river Brahmapoutra and its tributaries, canal, tea garden) before the rainy season and during monsoon (flooding) in 2012 and 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, data on the susceptibility of environmental isolates of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 are still scarce (Kumar et al, 2009 ; Bier et al, 2015 ; Bhuyan et al, 2016 ). However, knowledge on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in these serogroups is of global health interest for two reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Autochthonous Aquatic Vibrio cholerae in Haiti

et al. 2016

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We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 collected in surface waters in Haiti in July 2012, during an active cholera outbreak. A panel of 16 antibiotics was tested on the isolates using the disk diffusion method and PCR detection of seven resistance-associated genes (strA/B, sul1/2, ermA/B, and mefA). All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amikacin, and gentamicin. Nearly a quarter (22.0%) of the isolates were susceptible to all 16 antimicrobials tested and only 8.0% of the isolates (n = 4) were multidrug-resistant. The highest proportions of resistant isolates were observed for sulfonamide (70.0%), amoxicillin (12.0%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (10.0%). One strain was resistant to erythromycin and one to doxycycline, two antibiotics used to treat cholera in Haiti. Among the 50 isolates, 78% possessed at least two resistance-associated genes, and the genes sul1, ermA, and strB were detected in all four multidrug-resistant isolates. Our results clearly indicate that the autochthonous population of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 found in surface waters in Haiti shows antimicrobial patterns different from that of the outbreak strain. The presence in the Haitian aquatic environment of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 with reduced susceptibility or resistance to antibiotics used in human medicine may constitute a mild public health threat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Autochthonous Aquatic Vibrio cholerae in Haiti

et al. 2016

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“…The isolate (named as NCDC-A54) was Gram-negative, motile and positive for oxidase and string test. The isolates were further confirmed as V. cholerae by PCR analyses as described earlier [2] , [5] . The isolates were broadly grouped as nonO1/nonO139 because it did not react with antisera specific for the O1 and O139 serogroups.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent diarrhoea in a 5-month-old baby carrying Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139 producing Haitian cholera toxin

Kumar

Karmakar

Prasad³

et al. 2018

New Microbes and New Infections

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Cholera toxin (CT) is the principal virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae for fatal cholera diarrhoea. Serogroups O1 and O139 harbour CT and are known to be epidemic strains. The remaining serogroups (nonO1/nonO139) are non-toxigenic and may be associated with mild disease. O1 serogroup emerged with a variant of CT known as Haitian cholera toxin (HCT). The HCT strains are hypervirulent and have been associated with severe cholera outbreaks in India, Western Africa and Haiti. Here, we report the presence of HCT (ctxB7) in a nonO1/nonO139 isolate causing persistent diarrhoea.

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“…In the process, the bacteria are continuously changing their genetic makeup for sustained infectivity 8,13,14,27 . Acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes across genera and species is mediated through horizontal and lateral gene transfer of mobile genetic elements like SXT and integron 10,28 .…”

Section: Allicin Peak Identified In Lc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bactericidal Efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic) Against Multidrug Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Epidemic Strains

Kumar¹,

Yadav²,

Jain³

et al. 2016

Def. Sc. Jl.

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In recent years, emerging trend of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae associated with cholera epidemics is a matter of serious concern for the management of the disease. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics generally results in selection of antibiotic resistant strains. Introduction of newer antibiotics is a challenging task for the researchers as bacteria soon attain resistance. Therefore, identifying natural compounds of medicinal importance for control of cholera would be the best alternative. Garlic (Allium sativum) was recognised for many centuries in early Chinese, Egyptian and Indian civilisations as an herbal or traditional medicine. In present study, garlic was selected for screening of antimicrobial efficacy against V. cholerae. A total of 55 V. cholerae strains isolated from various outbreaks/epidemics were subjected to antimicrobial testing as per CLSI, USA 2010 guidelines. Antimicrobial screening of garlic extract was performed against all the multidrug resistant strains of V. cholerae. The garlic extracts showed antibacterial activity against all the V. cholerae strains tested, irrespective of their origin, multidrug resistance and virulence. Antibacterial efficacy of garlic on V. cholerae was also evident from in vivo study on sealed adult mice model. Thus, the Garlic extract harnesses the potential to control infection of multidrug resistant V. cholerae, especially in outbreak like situations in remote and under developed areas where drug supply itself is a challenge.

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Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae associated with flood in Brahamputra River valley, Assam, India

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Autochthonous Aquatic Vibrio cholerae in Haiti

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Autochthonous Aquatic Vibrio cholerae in Haiti

Persistent diarrhoea in a 5-month-old baby carrying Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139 producing Haitian cholera toxin

Bactericidal Efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic) Against Multidrug Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 Epidemic Strains

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