Molecular epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in North Carolina, United States: 1995–2000

Tseng, Fan-Chen; León, Juan S.; MacCormack, J N; Maillard, Jean Marie; Moe, Christine L.

doi:10.1002/jmv.20729

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The Qiagen columns that we used have been shown to remove RT-PCR inhibitors from stool samples (1,6). RT-PCR was performed with NV primer pair 51-3 as previously described (25,36) . Gel electrophoresis and sample analysis were performed as described previously (25).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus Infectivity in Humans and Persistence in Water

Seitz

León

Schwab

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

256

192

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To examine the long-term infectivity of human norovirus in water, 13 study subjects were challenged at different time points with groundwater spiked with the prototype human norovirus, Norwalk virus. Norwalk virus spiked in groundwater remained infectious after storage at room temperature in the dark for 61 days (the last time point tested). The Norwalk virus-seeded groundwater was stored for 1,266 days and analyzed, after RNase treatment, by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect Norwalk virus RNA contained within intact capsids. Norwalk virus RNA within intact capsids was detected in groundwater for 1,266 days, with no significant log 10 reduction throughout 427 days and a significant 1.10-log 10 reduction by day 1266. Purified Norwalk virus RNA (extracted from Norwalk virus virions) persisted for 14 days in groundwater, tap water, and reagent-grade water. This study demonstrates that Norwalk virus in groundwater can remain detectable for over 3 years and can remain infectious for at least 61 days. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00313404.)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus Infectivity in Humans and Persistence in Water

Seitz

León

Schwab

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

256

192

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“…Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis were carried out with the vectorNTI program version 10 (Invitrogen). Reference strains were adapted from a recent report [Tseng et al, 2007]. Viral sequences were analyzed in addition with an open access strain matching system for noroviruses provided by the Foodborne Viruses Network in Europe (FBVE Network) (https://hypocrates.…”

Section: Sequencing Of the Capsid N/s-domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative detection of norovirus excretion in pediatric patients with cancer and prolonged gastroenteritis and shedding of norovirus

Ludwig

Adams

Laws

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

105

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Although chronic courses of norovirus infection have been described in immunocompromised patients, little is known about noroviral shedding and correlation with clinical symptoms in these patients. In this report, the quantitative courses of norovirus excretion in nine pediatric patients with hematologic and oncologic disorders and prolonged gastroenteritis were investigated. In a retrospective study multiple fecal samples from nine pediatric cancer patients were examined by a one-step real-time PCR. Clinical data of the patients were reviewed and virological data were correlated with clinical symptoms. All nine patients presented with prolonged illness and prolonged noroviral shedding. Vomiting and diarrhea were associated with high norovirus concentrations and norovirus excretion declined slowly in the patients. Retrospectively, initial PCR-testing for norovirus was performed with a median of 7 days after onset of symptoms. This finding hints at the difficulty of obtaining early diagnosis of the infection in these children. The patients were shedding high norovirus concentration over a long period of time. Results of sequential quantitative PCR-testing for norovirus correlated with clinical symptoms. Both clinical symptoms and quantitative PCR-testings help to define the severity of norovirus infection and to estimate the risk for transmission. To prevent the spread of the disease, usage of virocidal disinfectants and isolation procedures should be maintained as long as patients are positive for noroviruses. Since vomiting is frequent in pediatric patients with oncological conditions, a screening program for rapid detection of norovirus infection in this group of patients should be considered.

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“…Human NoV genogroups are subdivided further into at least 15 genotypes in GI, 18 genotypes in GII, and only 1 genotype in GIV Vinje et al, 2004;Okada et al, 2005]. Several epidemiological studies clearly indicated that NoV GII is the main causative agent among NoV, which causes acute diarrhea in humans Phan et al, 2006a,b;Tseng et al, 2007]. SaVs can be divided into five genogroups (GI-GV), of which GI, GII, GIV, and GV are known to infect humans, whereas SaV GIII infects porcine species [Farkas et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2006;Hansman et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic diversity of noroviruses and sapoviruses in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Khamrin

Maneekarn

Peerakome

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human caliciviruses, including norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV), are recognized as common pathogens that cause acute viral gastroenteritis in children and adults throughout the world. To gain an overview of molecular epidemiology of human caliciviruses in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 2002 to 2004, NoV and SaV were detected and characterized molecularly for identification of their genotypes. From a total of 248 fecal specimens collected, 35 (14.1%) were positive for NoV GII genogroup. Among the 35 NoV GII, GII/4 was the most predominant genotype (22 strains), followed by GII/3 (7 strains), GII/1 (2 strains), GII/7 (2 strains), GII/2 (1 strain), and GII/16 (1 strain). In addition, only three specimens (1.2%) were positive for SaV, each of which was classified into two different genogroups. One isolate was clustered with GIV genogroup, while the other two belonged to two distinct genotypes of the SaV GI cluster, GI/1 and GI/2 genotypes. This study demonstrated that human caliciviruses are important enteric viruses that caused acute gastroenteritis in the hospitalized children in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2002 to 2004. Moreover, a great genetic diversities of NoV and SaV were observed.

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Molecular epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in North Carolina, United States: 1995–2000

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Norovirus Infectivity in Humans and Persistence in Water

Norovirus Infectivity in Humans and Persistence in Water

Quantitative detection of norovirus excretion in pediatric patients with cancer and prolonged gastroenteritis and shedding of norovirus

Genetic diversity of noroviruses and sapoviruses in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand

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