Molecular epidemiology of mcr gene group

Shedko, Elizaveta Dmitrievna; Timoshina, Olga Y.; Azyzov, Ilya Sulejmanovich

doi:10.36488/cmac.2020.4.287-300

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This review showed that a diversity of organisms, such as E. coli , Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., and Salmonella spp., have disseminated various mcr genes in the equine industry ( Table 1 ). Similar to isolates from humans, the environment, and other animal species [ 13 , 15 , 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], E. coli is the predominant organism spreading mcr genes among the horse population. Although COL use appears to be disallowed in horses (although its use is possible in countries with lax antibiotic controls), polymyxin B is used in the management of endotoxaemia and at a subtherapeutic (below antiendotoxic) concentration in horses for the treatment of SIRS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mcr genes encode transmembrane enzymes, including phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) transferase, which mediates COL resistance by attaching a pEtN moiety to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of lipid A in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacilli, thereby eliminating the negative charge on the LPS to which cationic COL/polymyxins have an affinity [ 20 ]. There has been extensive discourse on the methods used in the detection of these genes and their specific characteristics [ 14 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Although the transmission of chromosome-borne and non-conjugative plasmid-encoded mcr genes is clonally restricted [ 7 , 11 ], conjugative plasmid-borne mcr genes are rapidly transferred to other organisms (i.e., inter/intraspecies and genera transmission) as these plasmids are highly promiscuous, thus jeopardizing antimicrobial/COL therapy [ 7 , 11 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Bearing Organisms from Horses

et al. 2022

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Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) threaten the efficacy of colistin (COL), a polymyxin antibiotic that is used as a last-line agent for the treatment of deadly infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. COL has been used for more than 60 years for the prophylactic control and treatment of infections in livestock husbandry but not in horses. Polymyxin B is used for the prophylactic control and empirical treatment of infections in horses without conducting sensitivity tests. The lack of sensitivity testing exerts selection pressure for the acquisition of the mcr gene. By horizontal transfer, mcr-1, mcr-5, and mcr-9 have disseminated among horse populations globally and are harbored by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Salmonella species. Conjugative plasmids, insertion sequences, and transposons are the backbone of mcr genes in the isolates, which co-express genes conferring multi- to extensive-drug resistance, including genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase, ampicillinase C, fosfomycin, and fluoroquinolone resistance, and virulence genes. The transmission of mcr genes to/among bacterial strains of equine origin is non-clonal. Contact with horses, horse manure, feed/drinking water, farmers, farmers’ clothing/farm equipment, the consumption of contaminated horse meat and its associated products, and the trading of horses, horse meat, and their associated products are routes for the transmission of mcr-gene-bearing bacteria in, to, and from the equine industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Bearing Organisms from Horses

et al. 2022

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Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections at the Urological Inpatient Facility of the Saratov Clinical Hospital

Казанцев

Proskuryakova

Kazakova

et al. 2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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The aim of the work was to study the profile of antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in the urological inpatient facility of the clinical hospital in the Saratov city, depending on appurtenance to phylogenetic groups and subgroups, as well as O-serogroups.Materials and methods. We assessed sensitivity/resistance to 25 different antibacterial drugs in 102 strains of uropathogenic E. coli. The studies were carried out using the disk diffusion method. The production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases was evaluated by the double disk method. Carbapenemase output was determined using the CIM test. The PCR method was applied to determine appurtenance to phylogenetic groups and subgroups, O-serogroups, as well as the frequency of occurrence of the mcr‑1, mcr‑2, mcr‑3, mcr‑4, mcr‑5 genes encoding the proteins that mediate the development of resistance to colistin.Results and discussion. It has been established that all strains of uropathogenic E. coli are more or less resistant to antibacterial drugs. All studied 102 strains showed resistance to 23 antibacterial drugs from 8 functional groups. The resistance of uropathogenic E. coli had certain differences depending on belonging to phylogenetic groups and subgroups, O-serogroups. Strains of uropathogenic E. coli with high resistance (up to 100 %) belonged to the B23 phylogenetic group, the main representatives of which are cultures of the most common O-25 serogroup. The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases has been phenotypically confirmed for 69 (67.6 %) strains. No carbapenemaseproducing cultures were found in the study. The mcr‑1 and mcr‑2 genes encoding resistance to colistin have been identified in 3 uropathogenic E. coli strains (2.9 %).

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Molecular epidemiology of mcr gene group

Cited by 2 publications

References 141 publications

Epidemiology and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Bearing Organisms from Horses

Epidemiology and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Bearing Organisms from Horses

Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections at the Urological Inpatient Facility of the Saratov Clinical Hospital

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